Arguments Table
| Speech | Name | Component | Year | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Good evening. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| This is Frank McGee, NBC News in Washington. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| This is the second in a series of programs unmatched in history. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Never have so many people seen the major candidates for president of the United States at the same time; and never until this series have Americans seen the candidates in face-to-face exchange. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Tonight the candidates have agreed to devote the full hour to answering questions on any issue of the campaign. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And here tonight are: the Republican candidate, Vice President Richard M. Nixon; and the Democratic candidate, Senator John F. Kennedy. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now representatives of the candidates and of all the radio and television networks have agreed on these rules: neither candidate will make an opening statement or a closing summation; each will be questioned in turn; each will have an opportunity to comment upon the answer of the other; each reporter will ask only one question in turn. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| He is free to ask any question he chooses. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Neither candidate knows what questions will be asked and only the clock will determine who will be asked the last question. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| These programs represent an unprecedented opportunity for the candidates to present their philosophies and programs directly to the people and for the people to compare these and the candidates. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| The four reporters on tonight's panel include a newspaperman and a wire service representative. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| These two were selected by lot by the press secretaries of the candidates from among the reporters traveling with the candidates. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| The broadcasting representatives were selected by their respective companies. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Paul Niven of CBS, Edward P. Morgan of ABC, Alvin Spivak of United Press International, and Harold R. Levy of Newsday. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now the first question is from Mr. Niven and is for Vice President Nixon. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President, Senator Kennedy said last night that the Administration must take responsibility for the loss of Cuba. | NIVEN | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Would you compare the validity of that statement with the validity of your own statements in previous campaigns that the Truman Administration was responsible for the loss of China to the Communists? | NIVEN | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Well first of all, I don't agree with Senator Kennedy that Cuba is lost and certainly China was lost when this Administration came into power in 1953. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| As I look at Cuba today, I believe that we are following the right course, a course which is difficult but a course which under the circumstance is the only proper one which will see that the Cuban people get a chance to realize their aspirations of progress through freedom and that they get that with our cooperation with the other organi- of the states in the Organization of American States. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now Senator Kennedy has made some very strong criticisms of my part - or alleged part - in what has happened in Cuba. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| He points to the fact that I visited Cuba while Mr. Batista was in power there. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I can only point out that if we are going to judge the Administrations in terms of our attitude toward dictators, we're glad to have a comparison with the previous administration. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| There were eleven dictators in South America and in Central America when we came in, in 1953. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Today there are only three left including the one in Cuba. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We think that's pretty good progress. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy also indicated with regard to Cuba that he thought that I had made a mistake when I was in Cuba in not calling for free elections in that country. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now I'm very surprised that Senator Kennedy, who is on the Foreign Relations Committee, would have made such a statement as this kind. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| As a matter of fact in his book, The Strategy for Peace, he took the right position. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And that position is that the United States has a treaty - a treaty with all of the Organization of American States - which prohibits us from interfering in the internal affairs of any other state and prohibits them as well. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| For me to have made such a statement would been in direct uh - opposition to that treaty. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now with regard to Cuba, let me make one thing clear. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| There isn't any question but that we will defend our rights there. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| There isn't any question but that we will defend Guantanamo if it's attacked. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| There also isn't any question but that the free people of Cuba - the people who want to be free - are going to be supported and that they will attain their freedom. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| No, Cuba is not lost, and I don't think this kind of defeatist talk by Senator Kennedy helps the situation one bit. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy, would you care to comment? | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| In the first place I've never suggested that Cuba was lost except for the present. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| In my speech last night I indicated that I thought that Cuba one day again would be free. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Where I've been critical of the Administration's policy, and where I criticized Mr. Nixon, was because in his press conference in Havana in 1955, he praised the competence and stability of the bicta- bict- Batista dictatorship - that dictatorship had killed over twenty thousand Cubans in seven years. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Secondly, I did not criticize him for not calling for free elections. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| What I criticized was the failure of the Administration to use its great influence to persuade the Cuban government to hold free elections, particularly in 1957 and 1958. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Thirdly, Arthur Gardner, a Republican Ambassador, Earl Smith, a Republican Ambassador, in succession - both have indicated in the past six weeks that they reported to Washington that Castro was a Marxist, that Raul Castro was a Communist, and that they got no effective results. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Instead our aid continued to Batista, which was ineffective; we never were on the side of freedom; we never used our influence when we could have used it most effectively - and today Cuba is lost for freedom. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I hope some day it will rise; but I don't think it will rise if we continue the same policies toward Cuba that we did in recent years, and in fact towards all of Latin America - when we've almost ignored the needs of Latin America; we've beamed not a single Voice of America program in Spanish to all of Latin America in the last eight years, except for the three months of the Hungarian uh - revolution. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Morgan, with a question for Senator Kennedy. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Senator, last May, in Oregon, you discussed the possibilities of sending apologies or regrets to Khrushchev over the U-2 incident. | MORGAN | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Do you think now that that would have done any good? | MORGAN | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Did you think so then? | MORGAN | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Morgan, I suggested that if the United States felt that it could save the summit conference that it would have been proper for us to have expressed regrets. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| In my judgment that statement has been distorted uh - by Mr. Nixon and others in their debates around the country and in their discussions. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Lodge, on "Meet the Press" a month ago, said if there was ever a case when we did not have law an our side it was in the U-2 incident. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| The U-2 flights were proper from the point of view of protecting our security. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| But they were not in accordance with international law. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And I said that I felt that rather than tell the lie which we told, rather than indicate that the flights would continue - in fact, I believe Mr. Nixon himself said on May fifteenth that the flights would continue even though Mr. Herter testified before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee that they had been canceled as of May twelfth - that it would have been far better that if we had expressed regrets, if that would have saved the summit, and if the summit is useful - and I believe it is. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| The point that is always left out is the fact that we expressed regrets to Castro this winter; that we expressed regrets - the Eisenhower Administration expressed regrets - for a flight over Southern Russia in 1958. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We expressed regrets for a flight over Eastern Germany under this Administration. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| The Soviet Union in 1955 expressed regrets to us over the Bering Sea incident. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| The Chinese Communists expressed regrets to us over a plane incident in 1956. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| That is the accepted procedure between nations; and my judgment is that we should follow the advice of Theodore Roosevelt: Be strong; maintain a strong position; but also speak softly. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I believe that in those cases where international custom calls for the expression of a regret, if that would have kept the summit going, in my judgment it was a proper action. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| It's not appeasement. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| It's not soft. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I believe we should be stronger than we now are. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I believe we should have a stronger military force. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I believe we should increase our strength all over the world. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| But I don't confuse words with strength; and in my judgment if the summit was useful, if it would have brought us closer to peace, that rather than the lie that we told - which has been criticized by all responsible people afterwards - it would have been far better for us to follow the common diplomatic procedure of expressing regrets and then try to move on. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I think Kenne- Senator Kennedy is wrong on three counts. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| First of all, he's wrong in thinking th- er- even suggesting that Mr. Khrushchev might have continued the conference if we had expressed regrets. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| He knew these flights were going on long before and that wasn't the reason that he broke up the conference. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Second, he's wrong in the analogies that he makes. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| The United States is a strong country. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Whenever we do anything that's wrong, we can express regrets. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| But when the president of the United States is doing something that's right, something that is for the purpose of defending the security of this country against surprise attack, he can never express regrets or apologize to anybody, including Mr. Khrushchev. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now in that connection Senator Kennedy has criticized the President on the ground not only of not expressing regrets, but because he allowed this flight to take place while the summit conference - or immediately before the summit conference occurred. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| This seems to me is criticism that again is wrong on his part. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We all remember Pearl Harbor. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We lost three thousand American lives. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We cannot afford an intelligence gap. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And I just want to make my position absolutely clear with regard to getting intelligence information. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I don't intend to see to it that the United States is ever in a position where, while we're negotiating with the Soviet Union, that we discontinue our intelligence effort. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And I don't intend ever to express regrets to Mr. Khrushchev or anybody else if I'm doing something that has the support of the Congress and that is right for the purpose of protecting the security of the United States. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Spivak with a question for Vice President Nixon. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President, you have accused Senator Kennedy of avoiding the civil rights issue when he has been in the South and he has accused you of the same thing. | SPIVAK | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| With both North and South listening and watching, would you sum up uh - your own intentions in the field of civil rights if you become president. | SPIVAK | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| My intentions in the field of civil rights have been spelled out in the Republican platform. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I think we have to make progress first in the field of employment. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And there we would give statutory authority to the Committee on Government Contracts, which is an effective way of getting real progress made in this area, since about one out of every four jobs is held by and is allotted by people who have government contracts. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Certainly I think all of us agree that when anybody has a government contract, certainly the money that is spent under that contract ought to be disbursed equally without regard to the race or creed or color of the individual who is to be employed. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Second, in the field of schools, we believe that there should be provisions whereby the federal government would give assistance to those districts who do want to integrate their schools. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| That of course was rejected as was the government contracts provision by the special session of the Congress to - in which Mr. Kennedy was quite active. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And then as far as other areas are concerned, I think that we have to look to presidential leadership. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And when I speak of presidential leadership, I refer for example to our attitude on the sit-in strikes. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Here we have a situation which causes all of us concern - causes us concern because of the denial of the rights of people to the equality which we think belongs to everybody. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I have talked to Negro mothers. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I've heard them explain - try to explain - how they tell their children how they can go into a store and buy a loaf of bread but then can't go into that store and sit at the counter and get a Coca Cola. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| This is wrong, and we have to do something about it. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| So, under the circumstances, what do we do? | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Well what we do is what the Attorney-General of the United States did under the direction of the President: call in the owners of chain stores and get them to take action. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now there are other places where the executive can lead, but let me just sum up by saying this: why do I talk every time I'm in the South on civil rights? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Not because I am preaching to the people of the South because this isn't just a Southern problem; it's a Northern problem and a Western problem; it's a problem for all of us. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I do it because it's the responsibility of leadership, I do it because we have to solve this problem together. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I do it right at this time particularly because when we have Khrushchev in this country - a man who has enslaved millions, a man who has slaughtered thousands - we cannot continue to have a situation where he can point the finger at the United States of America and say that we are denying rights to our citizens. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And so I say both the candidates and both the vice presidential candidates, I would hope as well - including Senator Johnson - should talk on this issue at every opportunity. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Well, Mr. Nixon hasn't discussed the two basic questions: what is going to be done and what will be his policy on implementing the Supreme Court decision of 1954? | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Giving aid to schools technically that are trying to carry out the decision is not the great question. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Secondly, what's he going to do to provide fair employment? | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| He's been the head of the Committee on Government Contracts that's carried out two cases, both in the District of Columbia. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| He has not indicated his support of an attempt to provide fair employment practices around the country, so that everyone can get a job regardless of their race or color. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Nor has he indicated that he will support Title Three, which would give the Attorney General additional powers to protect Constitutional rights. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| These are the great questions: equality of education in school. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| About two percent of our population of white people are - is illiterate, ten per cent of our colored population. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Sixty to seventy percent of our colored children do not finish high school. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| These are the questions in these areas that the North and South, East and West are entitled to know. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| What will be the leadership of the president in these areas to provide equality of opportunity for employment? | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Equality of opportunity in the field of housing, which could be done on all federal supported housing by a stroke of the president's pen. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| What will be done to provide equality of education in all sections of the United States? | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Those are the questions to which the president must establish a moral tone and moral leadership. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And I can assure you that if I'm elected president we will do so. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Levy with a question for Senator Kennedy. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Senator, on the same subject, in the past you have emphasized the president's responsibility as a moral leader as well as an executive on civil rights questions. | LEVY | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| What specifically might the next president do uh - in the event of an uh - an occurrence such as Little Rock or the lunch-counter sit-ins? | LEVY | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| From the standpoint of | LEVY | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Well let me say that I think that the president operates in a number of different areas. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| First, as a legislative leader. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And as I just said that I believe that the passage of the so-called Title Three, which gives the Attorney General the power to protect Constitutional rights in those cases where it's not possible for the person involved to bring the suit. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Secondly, as an executive leader. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| There have been only six cases brought by this Attorney General under the voting bill passed in 1957 and the voting bill passed in 1960. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| The right to vote is basic. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I do not believe that this Administration has implemented those bills which represent the will of the majority of the Congress on two occasions with vigor. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Thirdly, I don't believe that the government contracts division is operated with vigor. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Everyone who does business with the government should have the opportunity to make sure that they do not practice discrimination in their hiring. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And that's in all sections of the United States. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And then fourthly, as a moral leader. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| There is a very strong moral basis for this concept of equality of opportunity. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We are in a very difficult time. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We need all the talent we can get. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We sit on a conspicuous stage. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We are a goldfish bowl before the world. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We have to practice what we preach. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We set a very high standard for ourselves. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| The Communists do not. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| They set a low standard of materialism. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We preach in the Declaration of Independence and in the Constitution, in the statement of our greatest leaders, we preach very high standards; and if we're not going to be s- charged before the world with hypocrisy we have to meet those standards. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I believe the president of the United States should indicate it. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now lastly, I believe in the case of Little Rock. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I would have hoped that the president of the United States would have been possible for him to indicate it clearly that uh - the Supreme Court decision was going to be carried out. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I would have hoped that it would have been possible to use marshals to do so. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| But it wou- uh - evidently uh - under the handling of the case it was not. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I would hope an incident like that would not happen. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I think if the president is responsible, if he consults with those involved, if he makes it clear that the Supreme Court decision is going to be carried out in a way that the Supreme Court planned - with deliberate speed - then in my judgment, providing he's behind action, I believe we can make uh - progress. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now the present Administration - the President - has said - never indicated what he thought of the 1954 decision. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Unless the president speaks, then of course uh - the country doesn't speak, and Franklin Roosevelt said: "The pre - uh - the presidency of the United States is above all a place of moral leadership." | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And I believe on this great moral issue he should speak out and give his views clearly. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy has expressed some hopes in this field, hopes which I think all Americans would share who want some problem - some progress in this area. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| But let's look at the performance. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| When he selected his vice presidential running mate, he selected a man who had voted against most of these proposals and who opposes them at the present time. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Let me s- look also at what I did. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I selected a man who stands with me in this field and who will talk with me and work with me on it. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now the Senator referred to the Committee on Government Contracts. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And yet that very committee of which I am chairman has been handicapped by the fact that we have not had adequate funds; we have not had adequate powers; we haven't had an adequate staff. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now in the special session of Congress and also in the session that preceded it, the Democratic Congress - in which there's a two-to-one Democratic majority - was asked by the President to give us the funds and give us the power to do a job and they did nothing at all, And in the special session in which Senator Kennedy was calling the signals, along with Senator Johnson, they turned it down and he himself voted against giving us the powers despite the fact that the bill had already been considered before, that it already had hearings on, and the Congress already knew what it had before it. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| All that I can say is this: what we need here are not just high hopes. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| What we need is action. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And in the field of executive leadership, I can say that I believe it's essential that the president of the United States not only set the tone but he also must lead; he must act as he talks. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Morgan with a question for Vice President Nixon. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President, in your speeches you emphasize that the United States is doing basically well in the cold war. | MORGAN | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Can you square that statement with a considerable mass of bipartisan reports and studies, including one prominently participated in by Governor Rockefeller, which almost unanimously conclude that we are not doing nearly so well as we should? | MORGAN | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Morgan, no matter how well we're doing in the cold war, we're not doing as well as we should. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And that will always be the case as long as the Communists are on the international scene, in the aggressive tac- uh - tendencies that they presently are following. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now as far as the present situation is concerned, I think it's time that we nail a few of these distortions about the United States that have been put out. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| First of all, we hear that our prestige is at an all-time low. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy has been hitting that point over and over again. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I would suggest that after Premier Kush- Khrushchev's uh - performance in the United Nations, compared with President Eisenhower's eloquent speech, that at the present time Communist prestige in the world is at an all-time low and American prestige is at an all-time high. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now that, of course, is just one factor, but it's a significant one. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| When we look, for example, at the vote on the Congo. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We were on one side; they were on the other side. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| What happened? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| There were seventy votes for our position and none for theirs. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Look at the votes in the United Nations over the past seven and a half years. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| That's a test of prestige. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Every time the United States has been an one side and they've been on the other side, our position has been sustained. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now looking to what we ought to do in the future. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| In this cold war we have to recognize where it is being fought and then we have to develop programs to deal with it. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| It's being fought primarily in Asia, in Africa, and in Latin America. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| What do we need? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| What tools do we need to fight us? | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Well we need, for example, economic assistance; we need technical assistance; we need exchange; we need programs of diplomatic and other character which will be effective in that area. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now Senator Kennedy a moment ago referred to the fact that there was not an adequate Voice of America program for Latin America. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I'd like to point out that in the last six years, the Democratic Congresses, of which he'd been a member, have cut twenty million dollars off of the Voice of America programs. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| They also have cut four billion dollars off of mutual security in these last six years. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| They also have cut two billion dollars off of defense. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now when they talk about our record here, it is well that they recognize that they have to stand up for their record as well. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| So let me summarize by saying this: I'm not satisfied with what we're doing in the cold war because I believe we have to step up our activities and launch an offensive for the minds and hearts and souls of men. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| It must be economic; it must be technological; above all it must be ideological. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| But we've got to get help from the Congress in order to do this. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Of course Mr. Nixon is wholly inaccurate when he says that the Congress has not provided more funds in fact than the President recommended for national defense. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Nineteen fifty-three we tried to put an appropriation of five billion dollars for our defenses. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I was responsible for the amendment with Senator Monroney in 1954 to strengthen our ground forces. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| The Congress of the United States appropriated six hundred and seventy-seven million dollars mare than the President was willing to use up till a week ago. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Secondly, on the question of our position in the United Nations. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We all know about the vote held this week - of the five neutralists - and it was generally regarded as a defeat for the United States. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Thirdly, in 1952, there were only seven votes in favor of the admission of Red China into the United Nations. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Last year there were twenty-nine and tomorrow when the preliminary vote is held you will see a strengthening of that position or very closely to it. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We have not maintained our position and our prestige. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| A Gallup Poll taken in February of this year asking the - in eight out of nine countries - they asked the people, who do they think would be ahead by 1970 militarily and scientifically, and a majority in eight of the nine countries said the Soviet Union would be by 1970. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Governor Rockefeller has been far more critical in June of our position in the world than I have been. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| The Rockefeller Brothers report, General Ridgway, General Gavin, the Gaither Report, various reports of Congressional committees all indicate that the relative strength of the p- United States both militarily, politically, psychologically, and scientifically and industrially - the relative strength of the so- of United States compared to that of the Soviet Union and the Chinese Communists together - has deteriorated in the last eight years and we should know it, and the American people should be told the facts. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Spivak with a question for Senator Kennedy. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Senator, uh - following this up, how would you go about increasing the prestige you say we're losing, and could the programs you've devised to do so be accomplished without absolutely wrecking our economy? | SPIVAK | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Yes. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We have been wholly indifferent to Latin America until the last few months. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| The program that was put forward this summer, after we broke off the sugar quota with Cuba, really was done because we wanted to get through the O.A.S. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| meeting a condemnation of Russian infiltration of Cuba. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And therefore we passed an authorization - not an aid bill - which was the first time, really, since the Inter-American Bank which was founded a year ago was developed, that we really have looked at the needs of Latin America; that we have associated ourselves with those people. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Secondly, I believe that in the ca- that it's far better for the United States, instead of concentrating our aid, particularly in the underdeveloped world, on surplus military equipment - we poured three hundred million dollars of surplus military equipment into Laos. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We paid more military aid, more aid into Laos po- per - per person than in any country in the world and we ought to know now that Laos is moving from neutralism in the direction of the Communists. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I believe instead of doing that, we should concentrate our aid in long-term loans which these people can pay back either in hard money or in local currency. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| This permits them to maintain their self-respect. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| It permits us to make sure that the projects which are invested in are going to produce greater wealth. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And I believe that in cases of India and Africa and Latin America that this is where our emphasis should be. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I would strengthen the Development Loan Fund. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And Senator Fulbright, Senator Humphrey and I tried to do that. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We tried to provide an appropriation of a billion and a half for five years, on a long-term loan basis, which this Administration opposed. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And unless we're ready to carry out programs like that in the sixties, this battle for economic survival which these people are waging are going to be lost. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And if India should lose her battle, with thirty-five per cent of the people of the underdeveloped world within her borders, then I believe that the balance of power could move against us. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I think the United States can afford to do these things. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I think that we could not afford not to do these things. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| This goes to our survival. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And here in a country which if it is moving ahead, if it's developing its economy to the fullest - which we are not now - in my judgment, we'll have the resources to meet our military commitments and also our commitments overseas. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I believe it's essential that we do it because in the next ten years the balance of power is going to begin to move in the world from one direction or another - towards us or towards the Communists - and unless we begin to identify ourselves not only with the anti-Communist fight, but also with the fight against poverty and hunger, these people are going to begin to turn to the Communists as an example. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I believe we can do it. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| If we build our economy the way we should, we can afford to do these things and we must do it. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy has put a great deal of stress on the necessity for economic assistance. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| This is important. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| But it's also tremendously important to bear in mind that when you pour in money without pouring in technical assistance at w- as well, that you have a disastrous situation. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We need to step up exchange; we need to step up technical assistance so that trained people in these newly developing countries can operate the economies. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We also have to have in mind something else with regard to this whole situation in the world, and that is: that as America moves forward, we not only must think in terms of fighting Communism, but we must also think primarily in terms of the interests of these countries. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We must associate ourselves with their aspirations. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We must let them know that the great American ideals - of independence, of the right of people to be free, and of the right to progress - that these are ideals that belong not to ourselves alone, but they belong to everybody. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| This we must get across to the world. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And we can't do it unless we do have adequate funds for, for example, information which has been cut by the Congress, adequate funds for technical assistance. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| The other point that I would make with regard to economic assistance and technical assistance is that the United States must not rest its case here alone. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| This is primarily an ideological battle - a battle for the minds and the hearts and the souls of men. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We must not meet the Communists purely in the field of gross atheistic materialism. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We must stand for our ideals. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Levy with a question for Vice President Nixon. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President, the Labor Department today added five more major industrial centers to the list of areas with substantial unemployment. | LEVY | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| You said in New York this week that as president you would use the full powers of the government, if necessary, to combat unemployment. | LEVY | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Specifically what measures would you advocate and at what point? | LEVY | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| To combat unemployment we first must concentrate on the very areas to which you refer - the so-called depressed areas. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now in the last Congress - the special session of the Congress - there was a bill: one by the President, one by Senator Kennedy and members of his party. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now the bill that the President had submitted would have provided more aid for those areas that really need it - areas like Scranton and Wilkes-Barre and the areas of West Virginia - than the ones that Senator Kennedy was supporting. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| On the other hand we found that the bill got into the legislative difficulties and consequently no action was taken. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| So point one, at the highest priority we must get a bill for depressed areas through the next Congress. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I have made recommendations on that and I have discussed them previously and I will spell them out further in the campaign. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Second, as we consider this problem of unemployment, we have to realize where it is. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| In analyzing the figures we will find that our unemployment exists among the older citizens; it exists also among those who are inadequately trained; that is, those who do not have an adequate opportunity for education. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| It also exists among minority groups. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| If we're going to combat unemployment, then, we have to do a better job in these areas. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| That's why I have a program for education, a program in the case of equal job opportunities, and one that would also deal with our older citizens. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now finally, with regard to the whole problem of combating recession, as you call it, we must use the full resources of the government in these respects: one, we must see to it that credit is expanded as we go into any recessionary period - and understand, I do not believe we're going into a recession. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I believe this economy is sound and that we're going to move up. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| But second, in addition to that, if we do get into a recessionary period we should move on that part of the economy which is represented by the private sector, and I mean stimulate that part of the economy that can create jobs - the private sector of the economy. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| This means through tax reform and if necessary tax cuts that will stimulate more jobs. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I favor that rather than massive federal spending programs which will come into effect usually long after you've passed through the recessionary period. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| So we must use all of these weapons for the purpose of combating recession if it should come. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| But I do not expect it to come. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Well Mr. Nixon has stated the record inaccurately in regard to the depressed area bill. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I'm very familiar with it. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| It came out of the committee of which I was the chairman - the labor subcommittee - in fifty-five. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I was the floor manager. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We passed an area redevelopment bill far more effective than the bill the Administration suggested, on two occasions, and the President vetoed it both times. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We passed a bill again this year in the cong- in the Senate and it died in the Rules Committee of the House of Representatives. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Let me make it very clear that the bill that Mr. Nixon talked about did not mention Wilkes-Barre or Scranton; it did not mention West Virginia. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Our bill was far more effective. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| The bill introduced and erd- sponsored by Senator Douglas was far more effective in trying to stimulate the economy of those areas. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Secondly, he has mentioned the problem of our older citizens. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I cannot still understand why this Administration and Mr. Nixon oppose putting medical care for the aged under Social Security to give them some security. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Third, I believe we should step up the use of our surplus foods in these areas until we're able to get the people back to work. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Five cents a day - that's what the food package averages per person. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Fourthly, I believe we should not carry out a hard money, high interest rate policy which helped intensify certainly the recession of 1958, and I think helped bring the slow-down of 1960. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| If we move into a recession in sixty-one, then I would agree that we have to put more money into the economy, and it can be done by either one of the two methods discussed. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| One is by ex- the programs such as aid to education. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| The other would be to make a judgment on what's the most effective tax program to stimulate our economy. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Niven with a question for Senator Kennedy. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Senator, while the main theme of your campaign has been this decline of American power and prestige in the last eight years, you've hardly criticized President Eisenhower at all. | NIVEN | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And in a speech last weekend you said you had no quarrel with the President. | NIVEN | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now isn't Mr. Eisenhower and not Mr. Nixon responsible for any such decline? | NIVEN | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Well I understood that this was the Eisenhower-Nixon Administration according to all the Republican uh - propaganda that I've read. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| The question is what we're going to do in the future. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I've been critical of this Administration and I've been critical of the President. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| In fact uh - Mr. Nixon uh - discussed that a week ago in a speech. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I believe that our power and prestige in the last eight years has declined. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now what is the issue is what we're going to do in the future. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now that's an issue between Mr. Nixon and myself. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| He feels that we're moving ahead uh - in a - we're not going into a recession in this country, economically; he feels that our power and prestige is stronger than it ever was relative to that of the Communists, that we're moving ahead. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I disagree. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And I believe the American people have to make the choice on November eighth between the view of whether we have to move ahead faster, whether what we're doing now is not satisfactory, whether we have to build greater strength at home and abroad and Mr. Nixon's view. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| That's the great issue. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| President Eisenhower moves from the scene on January twentieth and the next four years are the critical years. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And that's the debate. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| That's the argument between Mr. Nixon and myself and on that issue the American people have to make their judgment and I think it's a important judgment. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I think in many ways this election is more important than any since 1932, or certainly almost any in this century. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Because we disagree very fundamentally on the position of the United States, and if his view prevails then I think that's going to bring an important result to this country in the sixties. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| If our view prevails that we have to do more, that we have to make a greater national and international effort, that we have lost prestige in Latin America - the President of Brazil - the new incumbent running for office called on Castro during his campaign because he thought it was important to get the vote of those who were supporting Castro in Latin America. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| In Africa, the United States has ignored Latin uh - Africa. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We gave more scholarships to the Congo - this summer we offered them - than we've given to all of Africa the year before. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Less than two hundred for all the countries of Africa and they need trained leadership more than anything. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We've been uh - having a very clear decision in the last eight years. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Nixon has been part of that Administration. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| He's had experience in it. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And I believe this Administration has not met its responsibilities in the last eight years, that our power relative to that of the Communists is declining, that we're facing a very hazardous time in the sixties, and unless the United States begin to move here - unless we start to go ahead - I don't believe that we're going to meet our responsibility to our own people or to the cause of freedom. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I think the choice is clear and it involves the future. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Well first of all, I think Senator Kennedy should make up his mind with regard to my responsibility. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| In our first debate he indicated that I had not had experience or at least uh - had not participated significantly in the making of the decisions. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I'm glad to hear tonight that he does suggest that I have had some experience. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Let me make my position cl ear. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I have participated in the discussions leading to the decisions in this Administration. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I'm proud of the record of this Administration. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I don't stand on it because it isn't something to stand on but something to build on. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now looking at Senator Kennedy's credentials: he is suggesting that he will move America faster and further than I will. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| But what does he offer? | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| He offers retreads of programs that failed. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I submit to you that as you look at his programs, his program for example with regard to the Federal Reserve and uh - free money or loose money uh - high - low interest rates, his program in the economic field generally are the programs that were adopted and tried during the Truman Administration. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And when we compare the economic progress of this country in the Truman Administration with that of the Eisenhower Administration, we find that in every index there has been a tr- great deal more performance and more progress in this Administration than in that one. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I say the programs and the leadership that failed then is not the program and the leadership that America needs now. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I say that the American people don't want to go back to those policies. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And incidentally if Senator Kennedy disagrees, he should indicate where he believes those policies are different from those he's advocating today. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Spivak with a question for Vice President Nixon. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President, according to news dispatches Soviet Premier Khrushchev said today that Prime Minister Macmillan had assured him that there would be a summit conference next year after the presidential elections. | SPIVAK | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Have you given any cause for such assurance, and do you consider it desirable or even possible that there would be a summit conference next year if Mr. Khrushchev persists in the conditions he's laid down? | SPIVAK | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| No, of course I haven't talked to Prime Minister Macmillan. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| It would not be appropriate for me to do so. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| The President is still going to be president for the next four months and he, of course, is the only one who could commit this country in this period. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| As far as a summit conference is concerned, I want to make my position absolutely clear. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I would be willing as president to meet with Mr. Khrushchev or any other world leader if it would serve the cause of peace. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I would not be able wou- would be willing to meet with him however, unless there were preparations for that conference which would give us some reasonable certainty - some reasonable certainty - that you were going to have some success. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We must not build up the hopes of the world and then dash them as was the case in Paris. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| There, Mr. Khrushchev came to that conference determined to break it up. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| He was going to break it up because he would - knew that he wasn't going to get his way on Berlin and on the other key matters with which he was concerned at the Paris Conference. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now, if we're going to have another summit conference, there must be negotiations at the diplomatic level - the ambassadors, the Secretaries of State, and others at that level - prior to that time, which will delineate the issues and which will prepare the way for the heads of state to meet and make some progress. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Otherwise, if we find the heads of state meeting and not making progress, we will find that the cause of peace will have been hurt rather than helped. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| So under these circumstances, I, therefore, strongly urge and I will strongly hold, if I have the opportunity to urge or to hold - this position: that any summit conference would be gone into only after the most careful preparation and only after Mr. Khrushchev - after his disgraceful conduct at Paris, after his disgraceful conduct at the United Nations - gave some assurance that he really wanted to sit down and talk and to accomplish something and not just to make propaganda. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I have no disagreement with the Vice President's position on that. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| It - my view is the same as his. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Let me say there is only one uh - point I would add. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| That before we go into the summit, before we ever meet again, I think it's important that the United States build its strength; that it build its military strength as well as its own economic strength. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| If we negotiate from a position where the power balance or wave is moving away from us, it's extremely difficult to reach a successful decision on Berlin as well as the other questions. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now the next president of the United States in his first year is going to be confronted with a very serious question on our defense of Berlin, our commitment to Berlin. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| It's going to be a test of our nerve and will. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| It's going to be a test of our strength. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And because we're going to move in sixty-one and two, partly because we have not maintained our strength with sufficient vigor in the last years, I believe that before we meet that crisis, that the next president of the United States should send a message to Congress asking for a revitalization of our military strength, because come spring or late in the winter we're going to be face to face with the most serious Berlin crisis since l949 or fifty. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| On the question of the summit, I agree with the position of Mr. Nixon. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I would not meet Mr. Khrushchev unless there were some agreements at the secondary level - foreign ministers or ambassadors - which would indicate that the meeting would have some hope of success, or a useful exchange of ideas. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Levy with a question for Senator Kennedy. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Senator, in your acceptance speech at Los Angeles, you said that your campaign would be based not on what you intend to offer the American people, but what you intend to ask of them. | LEVY | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Since that time you have spelled out many of the things that you intend to do but you have made only vague reference to sacrifice and self-denial. | LEVY | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| A year or so ago, I believe, you said that you would not hesitate to recommend a tax increase if you considered it necessary. | LEVY | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| That's right. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Is this what you have in mind? | LEVY | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Well I don't think that in the winter of sixty-one under present economic conditions, it uh - a - uh - tax uh - increase would be desirable. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| In fact, it would be deflationary; it would cause great unemployment; it would cause a real slowdown in our economy. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| If it ever becomes necessary, and is wise economically and essential to our security, I would have no hesitancy in suggesting a tax increase or any other policy which would defend the United States. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I have talked in every speech about the fact that these are going to be very difficult times in the nineteen-sixties and that we're going to have to meet our responsibilities as citizens. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I'm talking about a national mood. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I'm talking about our willingness to bear any burdens in order to maintain our own freedom and in order to meet our freedom around the globe. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We don't know what the future's going to bring. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| But I would not want anyone to elect me uh - president of the United States - or vote for me - under the expectation that life would be easier if I were elected. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now, many of the programs that I'm talking about - economic growth, care for the aged, development of our natural resources - build the strength of the United States. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| That's how the United States began to prepare for its great actions in World War II and in the post-war period. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| If we're moving ahead, if we're providing a viable economy, if our people have sufficient resources so that they can consume what we produce; then this country's on the move, then we're stronger, then we set a better example to the world. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| So we have the problem of not only building our own uh - military strength and extending uh - our policies abroad, we have to do a job here at home. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| So I believe that the policies that I recommend came under the general heading of strengthening the United States. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We're using our steel capacity fifty-five per cent today. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We're not able to consume what we're able to produce at a time when the Soviet Union is making great economic gains. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And all I say is, I don't know what the sixties will bring - except I think they will bring hard times in the uh - international sphere; I hope we can move ahead here at home in the United States; I'm confident we can do a far better job of mobilizing our economy and resources in the United States. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And I merely say that they - if they elect me president, I will do my best to carry the United States through a difficult period; but I would not want people to elect me because I promised them the easy, soft life. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I think it's going to be difficult; but I'm confident that this country can meet its responsibilities. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Well I think we should be no - under no illusions whatever about what the responsibilities of the American people will be in the sixties. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Our expenditures for defense, our expenditures for mutual security, our expenditures for economic assistance and technical assistance are not going to get less. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| In my opinion they're going to be de- be greater. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I think it may be necessary that we have more taxes. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I hope not. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I hope we can economize elsewhere so that we don't have to. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| But I would have no hesitation to ask the American people to pay the taxes even in l961 - if necessary - to maintain a sound economy and also to maintain a sound dollar. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Because when you do not tax, and tax enough to pay for your outgo, you pay it many times over in higher prices and inflation; and I simply will not do that. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I think I should also add that as far as Senator Kennedy's proposals are concerned, if he intends to carry out his platform - the one adopted in Los Angeles - it is just impossible for him to make good on those promises without raising taxes or without having a rise in t- prices or both. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| The platform suggests that it can be done through economic growth; that it can be done, in effect, with mirrors. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| But it isn't going to be working that way. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| You can't add billions of dollars to our expenditures and not pay for it. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| After all, it isn't paid for by my money, it isn't paid for by his, but by the people's money. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Niven with a question for Vice President Nixon. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President, you said that while Mr. Khrushchev is here, Senator Kennedy should talk about what's right with this country as well as what's wrong with the country. | NIVEN | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| In the 1952 campaign when you were Republican candidate for Vice President, and we were eh - at war with the Communists, did you feel a similar responsibility to t- talk about what was right with the country? | NIVEN | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I did. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And as I pointed out in 1952, I made it very clear that as far as the Korean War was concerned, that I felt that the decision to go into the war in Korea was right and necessary. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| What I criticized were the policies that made it necessary to go to Korea. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now incidentally, I should point out here that Senator Kennedy has attacked our foreign policy. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| He's said that it's been a policy that has led to defeat and retreat. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And I'd like to know where have we been defeated and where have we retreated? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| In the Truman Administration, six hundred million people went behind the Iron Curtain including the satellite countries of Eastern Europe and Communist China. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| In this Administration we've stopped them at Quemoy and Matsu; we've stopped them in Indochina; we've stopped them in Lebanon; we've stopped them in other parts of the world. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I would also like to point out that as far as Senator Kennedy's comments are concerned, I think he has a perfect right and a responsibility to criticize this Administration whenever he thinks we're wrong. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| But he has a responsibility to be accurate, and not to misstate the case. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I don't think he should say that our prestige is at an all-time low. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I think this is very harmful at a time Mr. Khrushchev is here - harmful because it's wrong. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I don't think it was helpful when he suggested - and I'm glad he's corrected this to an extent - that seventeen million people go to bed hungry every night in the United States. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now this just wasn't true. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now, there are people who go to bed hungry in the United States - far less, incidentally, than used to go to bed hungry when we came into power at the end of the Truman Administration. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| But the thing that is right about the United States, it should be emphasized, is that less people go to bed hungry in the United States than in any major country in the world. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We're the best fed; we're the best clothed, with a better distribution of this world's goods to all of our people than any people in history. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now, in pointing out the things that are wrong, I think we ought to emphasize America's strengths. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| It isn't necessary to - to run America down in order to build her up. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now so that we get it absolutely clear: Senator Kennedy must as a candidate - as I as a candidate in fifty-two - criticize us when we're wrong. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And he's doing a very effective job of that, in his way. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| But on the other hand, he has a responsibility to be accurate. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And I have a responsibility to correct him every time he misstates the case; and I intend to continue to do so. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Well, Mr. Nixon uh- I'll just give you the testimony of Mr. George Aiken - Senator George Aiken, the ranking minority member - Republican member - and former chairman of the Senate Agricultural Committee testifying in 1959 - said there were twenty-six million Americans who did not have the income to afford a decent diet. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Benson, testifying on the food stamp plan in 1957, said there were twenty-five million Americans who could not afford a elementary low-cost diet. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And he defined that as someone who uses beans in place of meat. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now I've seen a good many hundreds of thousands of people who are uh - not adequately fed. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| You can't tell me that a surplus food distribution of five cents po- per person - and that n- nearly six million Americans receiving that - is adequate. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| You can't tell me that any one who uses beans instead of meat in the United States - and there are twenty-five million of them according to Mr. Benson - is well fed or adequately fed. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I believe that we should not compare what our figures may be to India or some other country that has serious problems but to remember that we are the most prosperous country in the world and that these people are not getting adequate food. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And they're not getting in many cases adequate shelter. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And we ought to try to meet the problem. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Secondly, Mr. Nixon has continued to state - and he stated it last week - these fantastic figures of what the Democratic budget would c- uh - platform would cost. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| They're wholly inaccurate. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I said last week I believed in a balanced budget. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Unless there was a severe recession - and after all the worst unbalanced budget in history was in 1958, twelve billion dollars - larger than in any Administration in the history of the United States. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| So that I believe that on this subject we can balance the budget unless we have a national emergency or unless we have a severe recession. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Morgan with a question for Senator Kennedy. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Senator, Saturday on television you said that you had always thought that Quemoy and Matsu were unwise places to draw our defense line in the Far East. | MORGAN | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Would you comment further on that and also address to this question; couldn't a pullback from those islands be interpreted as appeasement? | MORGAN | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Well, the United States uh - has on occasion attempted uh - mostly in the middle fifties, to persuade Chiang Kai-shek to pull his troops back to Formosa. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I believe strongly in the defense of Formosa. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| These islands are a few miles - five or six miles - off the coast of Red China, within a general harbor area and more than a hundred miles from Formosa. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We have never said flatly that we will defend Quemoy and Matsu if it's attacked. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We say we will defend it if it's part of a general attack on Formosa. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| But it's extremely difficult to make that judgment. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now, Mr. Herter in 1958, when he was Under Secretary of State, said they were strategically undefensible. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Admirals Spruance and Callins in 1955 said that we should not attempt to defend these islands, in their conference in the Far East. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| General Ridgway has said the same thing. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I believe that when you get into a w- if you're going to get into war for the defense of Formosa, it ought to be on a clearly defined line. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| One of the problems, I think, at the time of South Korea was the question of whether the United States would defend it if it were attacked. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I believe that we should defend Formosa. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We should come to its defense. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| To leave this rather in the air, that we will defend it under some conditions but not under other, I think is a mistake. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Secondly, I would not suggest the withdrawal at the point of the Communist gun. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| It is a decision finally that the Nationalists should make and I believe that we should consult with them and attempt to work out a plan by which the line is drawn at the island of Formosa. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| It leaves a hundred miles between the sea. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| But with General Ridgway, Mr. Herter, General Collins, Admiral Spruance and many others, I think it's unwise to take the chance of being dragged into a war which may lead to a world war over two islands which are not strategically defensible, which are not, according to their testimony, essential to the defense of Formosa. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I think that uh - we should protect our commitments. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I believe strongly we should do so in Berlin. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I believe strongly we should d- do so in Formosa and I believe we should meet our commitments to every country whose security we've guaranteed. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| But I do not believe that that line in case of war should be drawn on those islands but instead on the island of Formosa. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And as long as they are not essential to the defense of Formosa, it's been my judgment ever since 1954, at the time of the Eisenhower Doctrine for the Far East, that our line should be drawn in the sea around the island itself. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I disagree completely with Senator Kennedy on this point. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I remember in the period immediately before the Korean War, South Korea was supposed to be indefensible as well. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Generals testified to that. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And Secretary Acheson made a very famous speech at the Press Club, early in the year that k- Korean War started, indicating in effect that South Korea was beyond the defense zone of the United States. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I suppose it was hoped when he made that speech that we wouldn't get into a war. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| But it didn't mean that. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We had to go in when they came in. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now I think as far as Quemoy and Matsu are concerned, that the question is not these two little pieces of real estate - they are unimportant. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| It isn't the few people who live on them - they are not too important. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| It's the principle involved. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| These two islands are in the area of freedom. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| The Nationalists have these two islands. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| We should not uh - force our Nationalist allies to get off of them and give them to the Communists. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| If we do that we start a chain reaction; because the Communists aren't after Quemoy and Matsu, they're a- they're after Formosa. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| In my opinion this is the same kind of woolly thinking that led to disaster for America in Korea. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I am against it. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I would never tolerate it as president of the United States, and I will hope that Senator Kennedy will change his mind if he should be elected. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Gentlemen, we have approximately four minutes remaining. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| May I ask you to make your questions and answers as brief as possible consistent with clarity. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And Mr. Levy has a question for Vice President Nixon. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President, you are urging voters to forget party labels and vote for the man. | LEVY | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy says that in doing this you are trying to run away from your party on such issues as housing and aid to education by advocating what he calls a me-too program. | LEVY | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Why do you say that party labels are not important? | LEVY | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Because that's the way we elect a president in this country, and it's the way we should. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I'm a student of history as is Senator Kennedy, incidentally; and I have found that in the history of this country we've had many great presidents. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Some of them have been Democrats and some of them have been Republicans. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| The people, some way, have always understood that at a particular time a certain man was the one the country needed. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now, I believe that in an election when we are trying to determine who should lead the free world - not just America - perhaps, as Senator Kennedy has already indicated, the most important election in our history - it isn't the label that he wears or that I wear that counts. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| It's what we are. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| It's our whole lives. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| It's what we stand for. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| It's what we believe. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And consequently, I don't think it's enough to go before Republican audiences - and I never do - and say, "Look, vote for me because I'm a Republican." | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I don't think it's enough for Senator Kennedy to go before the audiences on the Democratic side and say, "Vote for me because I'm a Democrat." | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| That isn't enough. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| What's involved here is the question of leadership for the whole free world. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now that means the best leadership. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| It may be Republican, it may be Democratic. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| But the people are the ones that determine it. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| The people have to make up their minds. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And I believe the people, therefore, should be asked to make up their minds not simply on the basis of, "Vote the way your grandfather did; vote the way your mother did." | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I think the people should put America first, rather than party first. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Now, as far as running away from my party is concerned, Senator Kennedy has said that we have no compassion for the poor, that we are against progress - the enemies of progress, is the term that he's used, and the like. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| All that I can say is this: we do have programs in all of these fields - education, housing, defense - that will move America forward. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| They will move her forward faster, and they will move her more surely than in his program. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| This is what I deeply believe. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I'm sure he believes just as deeply that his will move that way. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I suggest, however, that in the interest of fairness that he could give me the benefit of also believing as he believes. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Well, let me say I do think that parties are important in that they tell something about the program and something about the man. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| Abraham Lincoln was a great president of all the people; but he was selected by his party at a key time in history because his party stood for something. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| The Democratic party in this century has stood for something. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| It has stood for progress; it has stood for concern for the people's welfare. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| It has stood for a strong foreign policy and a strong national defense, and as a result, produced Wilson, President Roosevelt, and President Truman. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| The Republican party has produced McKinley and Harding, Coolidge, Dewey, and Landon. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| They do stand for something. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| They stand for a whole different approach to the problems facing this country at home and abroad. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| That's the importance of party; only if it tells something about the record. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| And the Republicans in recent years - not only in the last twenty-five years, but in the last eight years - have opposed housing, opposed care for the aged, opposed federal aid to education, opposed minimum wage and I think that record tells something. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 07 Oct 1960 |
| I am Quincy Howe of CB- of ABC News saying good evening from New York where the two major candidates for president of the United States are about to engage in their fourth radio-television discussion of the present campaign. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Tonight these men will confine that discussion to foreign policy. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Good evening, Vice President Nixon. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Good evening, Mr. Howe. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And good evening, Senator Kennedy. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Good evening, Mr. Howe. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now let me read the rules and conditions under which the candidates themselves have agreed to proceed. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| As they did in their first meeting, both men will make opening statements of about eight minutes each and closing statements of equal time running three to five minutes each. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| During the half hour between the opening and closing statements, the candidates will answer and comment upon questions from a panel of four correspondents chosen by the nationwide networks that carry the program. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Each candidate will be questioned in turn with opportunity for comment by the other. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Each answer will be limited to two and one-half minutes, each comment to one and one-half minutes. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| The correspondents are free to ask any questions they choose in the field of foreign affairs. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Neither candidate knows what questions will be asked. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Time alone will determine the final question. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Reversing the order in their first meeting, Senator Kennedy will make the second opening statement and the first closing statement. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| For the first opening statement, here is Vice President Nixon. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Howe, Senator Kennedy, my fellow Americans. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Since this campaign began I have had a very rare privilege. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I have traveled to forty-eight of the fifty states and in my travels I have learned what the people of the United States are thinking about. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| There is one issue that stands out above all the rest, one in which every American is concerned, regardless of what group he may be a member and regardless of where he may live. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And that issue, very simply stated, is this: how can we keep the peace - keep it without surrender? | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| How can we extend freedom - extend it without war? | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now in determining how we deal with this issue, we must find the answer to a very important but simple question: who threatens the peace? | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Who threatens freedom in the world? | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| There is only one threat to peace and one threat to freedom - that that is presented by the international Communist movement. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And therefore if we are to have peace, we must know how to deal with the Communists and their leaders. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I know Mr. Khrushchev. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I also have had the opportunity of knowing and meeting other Communist leaders in the world. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I believe there are certain principles we must find in dealing with him and his colleagues - principles, if followed, that will keep the peace and that also can extend freedom. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| First, we have to learn from the past, because we cannot afford to make the mistakes of the past. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| In the seven years before this Administration came into power in Washington, we found that six hundred million people went behind the Iron Curtain. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And at the end of that seven years we were engaged in a war in Korea which cost of thirty thousand American lives. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| In the past seven years, in President Eisenhower's Administration, this situation has been reversed. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We ended the Korean War; by strong, firm leadership we have kept out of other wars; and we have avoided surrender of principle or territory at the conference table. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now why were we successful, as our predecessors were not successful? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I think there're several reasons. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| In the first place, they made a fatal error in misjudging the Communists; in trying to apply to them the same rules of conduct that you would apply to the leaders of the free world. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| One of the major errors they made was the one that led to the Korean War. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| In ruling out the defense of Korea, they invited aggression in that area. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| They thought they were going to have peace - it brought war. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We learned from their mistakes. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And so, in our seven years, we find that we have been firm in our diplomacy; we have never made concessions without getting concessions in return. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We have always been willing to go the extra mile to negotiate for disarmament or in any other area. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| But we have never been willing to do anything that, in effect, surrendered freedom any place in the world. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| That is why President Eisenhower was correct in not apologizing or expressing regrets to Mr. Khrushchev at the Paris Conference, as Senator Kennedy suggested he could have done. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| That is why Senator wh- President Eisenhower was also correct in his policy in the Formosa Straits, where he declined, and refused to follow the recommendations - recommendations which Senator Kennedy voted for in 1955; again made in 1959; again repeated in his debates that you have heard - recommendations with regard to - again - slicing off a piece of free territory, and abandoning it, if - in effect, to the Communists. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Why did the President feel this was wrong and why was the President right and his critics wrong? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Because again this showed a lack of understanding of dictators, a lack of understanding particularly of Communists, because every time you make such a concession it does not lead to peace; it only encourages them to blackmail you. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| It encourages them to begin a war. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And so I say that the record shows that we know how to keep the peace, to keep it without surrender. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Let us move now to the future. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| It is not enough to stand on this record because we are dealing with the most ruthless, fanatical... leaders that the world has ever seen. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| That is why I say that in this period of the sixties, America must move forward in every area. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| First of all, although we are today, as Senator Kennedy has admitted, the strongest nation in the world militarily, we must increase our strength, increase it so that we will always have enough strength that regardless of what our potential opponents have - if the should launch a surprise attack - we will be able to destroy their war-making capability. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| They must know, in other words, that it is national suicide if they begin anything. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We need this kind of strength because we're the guardians of the peace. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| In addition to military strength, we need to see that the economy of this country continues to grow. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| It has grown in the past seven years. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| It can and will grow even more in the next four. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And the reason that it must grow even more is because we have things to do at home and also because we're in a race for survival - a race in which it isn't enough to be ahead; it isn't enough simply to be complacent. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We have to move ahead in order to stay ahead. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And that is why, in this field, I have made recommendations which I am confident will move the American economy ahead - move it firmly and soundly so that there will never be a time when the Soviet Union will be able to challenge our superiority in this field. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And so we need military strength, we need economic strength, we also need the right diplomatic policies. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| What are they? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Again we turn to the past. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Firmness but no belligerence, and by no belligerence I mean that we do not answer insult by insult. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| When you are proud and confident of your strength, you do not get down to the level of Mr. Khrushchev and his colleagues. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And that example that President Eisenhower has set we will continue to follow. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| But all this by itself is not enough. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| It is not enough for us simply to be the strongest nation militarily, the strongest economically, and also to have firm diplomacy. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We must have a great goal. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| not just to keep freedom for ourselves but to extend it to all the world, to extend it to all the world because that is America's destiny. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| To extend it to all the world because the Communist aim is not to hold their own but to extend Communism. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And you cannot fight a victory for Communism or a strategy of victory for Communism with the strategy, simply of holding the line. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And so I say that we believe that our policies of military strength, of economic strength, of diplomatic firmness first will keep the peace and keep it without surrender. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We also believe that in the great field of ideals that we can lead America to the victory for freedom - victory in the newly developing countries, victory also in the captive countries - provided we have faith in ourselves and faith in our principles. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now the opening statement of Senator Kennedy. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Howe, Mr. Vice President. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| First uh - let me again try to correct the record on the matter of Quemoy and Matsu. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I voted for the Formosa resolution in 1955. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I have sustained it since then. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I've said that I agree with the Administration policy. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Nixon earlier indicated that he would defend Quemoy and Matsu even if the attack on these islands, two miles off the coast of China, were not part of a general attack an Formosa and the Pescadores. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I indicated that I would defend those islands if the attack were directed against Pescadores and Formosa, which is part of the Eisenhower policy. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I've supported that policy. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| In the last week, as a member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, I have re-read the testimony of General Twining representing the Administration in 1959, and the Assistant Secretary of State before the Foreign Relations Committee in 1958, and I have accurately described the Administration policy, and I support it wholeheartedly. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| So that really isn't an issue in this campaign. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| It isn't an issue with Mr. Nixon, who now says that he also supports the Eisenhower policy. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Nor is the question that all Americans want peace and security an issue in this campaign. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| are we moving in the direction of peace and security? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Is our relative strength growing? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Is, as Mr. Nixon says, our prestige at an all-time high, as he said a week ago, and that of the Communists at an all-time low? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I don't believe it is. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I don't believe that our relative strength is increasing. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And I say that not as the Democratic standard-bearer, but as a citizen of the United States who is concerned about the United States. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I look at Cuba, ninety miles off the coast of the United States. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| In 1957 I was in Havana. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I talked to the American Ambassador there. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| He said that he was the second most powerful man in Cuba. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And yet even though Ambassador Smith and Ambassador Gardner, both Republican Ambassadors, both warned of Castro, the Marxist influences around Castro, the Communist influences around Castro, both of them have testified in the last six weeks, that in spite of their warnings to the American government, nothing was done. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Our d- security depends upon Latin America. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Can any American looking at the situation in Latin America feel contented with what's happening today, when a candidate for the presidency of Brazil feels it necessary to call - not on Washington during the campaign - but on Castro in Havana, in order to pick up the support of the Castro supporters in Brazil? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| At the American Conference - Inter-American Conference this summer, when we wanted them to join together in the denunciation of Castro and the Cuban Communists, we couldn't even get the Inter-American group to join together in denouncing Castro. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| It was rather a vague statement that they finally made. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Do you know today that the Com- the Russians broadcast ten times as many programs in Spanish to Latin America as we do? | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Do you know we don't have a single program sponsored by our government to Cuba - to tell them our story, to tell them that we are their friends, that we want them to be free again? | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Africa is now the emerging area of the world. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| It contains twenty-five percent of all the members of the General Assembly. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We didn't even have a Bureau of African Affairs until 1957. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| In the Africa south of the Sahara, which is the major new section, we have less students from all of Africa in that area studying under government auspices today than from the country of Thailand. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| If there's one thing Africa needs it's technical assistance. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And yet last year we gave them less than five percent of all the technical assistance funds that we distributed around the world. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We relied in the Middle East on the Baghdad Pact, and yet when the Iraqi Government was changed, the Baghdad Pact broke down. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We relied on the Eisenhower Doctrine for the Middle East, which passed the Senate. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| There isn't one country in the Middle East that now endorses the Eisenhower Doctrine. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We look to Europe uh - to Asia because the struggle is in the underdeveloped world. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Which system, Communism or freedom, will triumph in the next five or ten years? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| That's what should concern us, not the history of ten, or fifteen, or twenty years ago. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| But are we doing enough in these areas? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| What are freedom's chances in those areas? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| By 1965 or 1970, will there be other Cubas in Latin America? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Will Guinea and Ghana, which have now voted with the Communists frequently as newly independent countries of Africa - will there be others? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Will the Congo go Communist? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Will other countries? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Are we doing enough in that area? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And what about Asia? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Is India going to win the economic struggle or is China going to win it? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Who will dominate Asia in the next five or ten years? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Communism? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| The Chinese? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Or will freedom? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| The question which we have to decide as Americans - are we doing enough today? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Is our strength and prestige rising? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Do people want to be identified with us? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Do they want to follow United States leadership? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I don't think they do, enough. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And that's what concerns me. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| In Africa - these countries that have newly joined the United Nations. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| On the question of admission of Red China, only two countries in all of Africa voted with us - Liberia and the Union of South Africa. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| The rest either abstained or voted against us. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| More countries in Asia voted against us on that question than voted with us. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I believe that this struggle is going to go on, and it may be well decided in the next decade. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I have seen Cuba go to the Communists. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I have seen Communist influence and Castro influence rise in Latin America. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I have seen us ignore Africa. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| There are six countries in Africa that are members of the United Nations. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| There isn't a single American diplomatic representative in any of those six. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| When Guinea became independent, the Soviet Ambassador showed up that very day. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We didn't recognize them for two months; the American Ambassador didn't show up for nearly eight months. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I believe that the world is changing fast. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And I don't think this Administration has shown the foresight, has shown the knowledge, has been identified with the great fight which these people are waging to be free, to get a better standard of living, to live better. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| The average income in some of those countries is twenty-five dollars a year. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| The Communists say, "Come with us; look what we've done." | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And we've been in - on the whole, uninterested. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I think we're going to have to do better. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Nixon talks about our being the strongest country in the world. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I think we are today. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| But we were far stronger relative to the Communists five years ago, and what is of great concern is that the balance of power is in danger of moving with them. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| They made a breakthrough in missiles, and by nineteen sixty-one, two, and three, they will be outnumbering us in missiles. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I'm not as confident as he is that we will be the strongest military power by 1963. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| He talks about economic growth as a great indicator of freedom. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I agree with him. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| What we do in this country, the kind of society that we build, that will tell whether freedom will be sustained around the world. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And yet, in the last nine months of this year, we've had a drop in our economic growth rather than a gain. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We've had the lowest rate of increase of economic growth in the last nine months of any major industrialized society in the world. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I look up and see the Soviet flag on the moon. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| The fact is that the State Department polls on our prestige and influence around the world have shown such a sharp drop that up till now the State Department has been unwilling to release them. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And yet they were polled by the U.S.I.A. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| The point of all this is, this is a struggle in which we're engaged. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We want peace. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We want freedom. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We want security. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We want to be stronger. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We want freedom to gain. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| But I don't believe in these changing and revolutionary times this Administration has known that the world is changing - has identified itself with that change. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I think the Communists have been moving with vigor - Laos, Africa, Cuba - all around the world today they're on the move. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I think we have to revita1ize our society. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I think we have to demonstrate to the people of the world that we're determined in this free country of ours to be first - not first if, and not first but, and not first when - but first. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And when we are strong and when we are first, then freedom gains; then the prospects for peace increase; then the prospects for our society gain. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| That completes the opening statements. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now the candidates will answer and comment upon questions put by these four correspondents: Frank Singiser of Mutual News, John Edwards of ABC News, Walter Cronkite of CBS News, John Chancellor of NBC News. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Frank Singiser has the first question for Vice President Nixon. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President, I'd like to pin down the difference between the way you would handle Castro's regime and prevent the establishment of Communist governments in the Western Hemisphere and the way that t Senator Kennedy would proceed. | SINGISER | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Uh - Vice President Nixon, in what important respects do you feel there are differences between you, and why do you believe your policy is better for the peace and security of the United States in the Western Hemisphere? | SINGISER | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Our policies are very different. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I think that Senator Kennedy's policies and recommendations for the handling of the Castro regime are probably the most dangers- dangerously irresponsible recommendations that he's made during the course of this campaign. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| In effect, what Senator Kennedy recommends is that the United States government should give help to the exiles and to those within Cuba who oppose the Castro regime - provided they are anti-Batista. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now let's just see what this means. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We have five treaties with Latin America, including the one setting up the Organization of American States in Bogota in 1948, in which we have agreed not to intervene in the internal affairs of any other American country - and they as well have agreed to do likewise. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| The charter of the United Nations - its Preamble, Article I and Article II - also provide that there shall be no intervention by one nation in the internal affairs of another. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now I don't know what Senator Kennedy suggests when he says that we should help those who oppose the Castro regime, both in Cuba and without. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| that if we were to follow that recommendation, that we would lose all of our friends in Latin America, we would probably be condemned in the United Nations, and we would not accomplish our objective. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I know something else. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| It would be an open invitation for Mr. Khrushchev to come in, to come into Latin America and to engage us in what would be a civil war, and possibly even worse than that. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| This is the major recommendation that he's made. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now, what can we do? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Well, we can do what we did with Guatemala. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| There was a Communist dictator that we inherited from the previous Administration. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We quarantined Mr. Arbenz. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| The result was that the Guatemalan people themselves eventually rose up and they threw him out. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We are quarantining Mr. Castro today. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We're quarantining him diplomatically by bringing back our Ambassador; economically by cutting off trade, and Senator Kennedy's suggestion that the trade that we cut off is not significant is just one hundred percent wrong. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We are cutting off the significant items that the Cuban regime needs in order to survive. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| By cutting off trade, by cutting off our diplomatic relations as we have, we will quarantine this regime so that the people of Cuba themselves will take care of Mr. Castro. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| But for us to do what Senator Kennedy has suggested would bring results which I know he would not want, and certainly which the American people would not want. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Nixon uh - shows himself i- misinformed. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| He surely must be aware that most of the equipment and arms and resources for Castro came from the United States, flowed out of Florida and other parts of the United States to Castro in the mountains. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| There isn't any doubt about that, number one. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Number two, I believe that if any economic sanctions against Latin America are going to be successful they have to be multilateral. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| They have to include the other countries of Latin America. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| The very minute effect of the action which has been taken this week on Cuba's economy - I believe Castro can replace those markets very easily through Latin America, through Europe, and through Eastern Europe. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| If the United States had stronger prestige and influence in Latin America it could persuade - as Franklin Roosevelt did in 1940 - the countries of Latin America to join in an economic quarantine of Castro. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| That's the only way you can bring real economic pressure on the Castro regime - and also the countries of Western Europe, Canada, Japan and the others. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Number three, Castro is only the beginning of our difficulties throughout Latin America. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| The big struggle will be to prevent the influence of Castro spreading to other countries - Mexico, Panama, Bolivia, Colombia. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We're going to have to try to provide closer ties, to associate ourselves with the great desire of these people for a better life if we're going to prevent Castro's influence from spreading throughout all of Latin America. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| His influence is strong enough today to prevent us from joi- getting the other countries of Latin America to join with us in economic quarantine. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| His influence is growing - mostly because this Administration has ignored Latin America. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| You yourself said, Mr. Vice President, a month ago, that if we had provided the kind of economic aid five years ago that we are now providing we might never have had Castro. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Why didn't we? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| John Edwards has his first question for Senator Kennedy. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy, one test of a new president's leadership will be the caliber of his appointments. | EDWARDS | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| It's a matter of interest here and overseas as to who will be the new secretary of state. | EDWARDS | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now, under our rules, I must ask this question of you, but I would hope that the Vice President also would answer it. | EDWARDS | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Will you give us the names of three or four Americans, each of whom, if appointed, would serve with distinction in your judgment as secretary of state? | EDWARDS | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Edwards, I don't think it's a wise idea for presidential candidates to appoint the members of his cabinet prospectively, or to suggest four people - indicate that one of them surely will be appointed. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| This is a decision that the president of the United States must make. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| The last candidate who indicated that he knew who his cabinet was going to be was Mr. Dewey in 1948. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| This is a race between the Vice President and myself for the presidency of the United States. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| There are a good many able men who could be secretary of state. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I've made no judgment about who should be secretary of state. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I think that judgment could be made after election, if I'm successful. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| The people have to make a choice between Mr. Nixon and myself, between the Republican party and the Democratic party, between our approach to the problems which now disturb us as a nation and disturb us as a world power. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| The president bears the constitutional responsibility, not the secretary of state, for the conduct of foreign affairs. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Some presidents have been strong in foreign policy; others have relied heavily on the secretary of state. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I've been a member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee; I run for the presidency with full knowledge that his great responsibility, really, given to him by the Constitution and by the force of events, is in the field of foreign affairs. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I'm asking the people's support as president. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We will select the best man we can get. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| But I've not made a judgment, and I have not narrowed down a list of three or four people, among whom would be the candidate. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President, do you have a comment? | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Well Mr. Edwards, as you probably know, I have consistently answered all questions with regard to who will be in the next cabinet by saying that that is the responsibility of the next president, and it would be inappropriate to make any decisions on that or to announce any prior to the time that I had the right to do so. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| So that is my answer to this question. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| If you don't mind, I'd like to use the balance of the time to respond to one of the comments that Senator Kennedy made on the previous question. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Eh- He was talking about the Castro regime and what we had been eh- doing in Latin America. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I would like to point out that when we look at our programs in Latin America, we find that we have appropriated five times as much for Latin America as was appropriated by the previous Administration; we find that we have two billion dollars more for the Export-Import Bank; we have a new bank for Latin America alone of a billion dollars; we have the new program which was submitted at the Bogota Conference - this new program that President Eisenhower submitted, approved by the last Congress - for five hundred million dollars. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We have moved in Latin America very effectively, and I'd also like to point this out: Senator Kennedy complains very appropriately about our inadequate ra- radio broadcasts for Latin America. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Let me point out again that his Congress - the Democratic Congress - has cut eighty million dollars off of the Voice of America appropriations. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now, he has to get a better job out of his Congress if he's going to get us the money that we need to conduct the foreign affairs of this country in Latin America or any place else. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Walter Cronkite, you have your first question for Vice President Nixon. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Thank you Quincy. | CRONKITE | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President, Senator Fulbright and now tonight, Senator Kennedy, maintain that the Administration is suppressing a report by the United States Information Agency that shows a decline in United States prestige overseas. | CRONKITE | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Are you aware of such a report, and if you are aware of the existence of such a report, should not that report, because of the great importance this issue has been given in this campaign, be released to the public? | CRONKITE | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Cronkite, I naturally am aware of it, because I, of course, pay attention to everything Senator Kennedy says, as well as Senator Fulbright. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now, in this connection I want to point out that the facts simply aren't as stated. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| First of all, the report to which Senator Kennedy refers is one that was made many, many months ago and related particularly to the uh - period immediately after Sputnik. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Second, as far as this report is concerned, I would have no objection to having it made public. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Third, I would say this with regard to this report, with regard to Gallup Polls of prestige abroad and everything else that we've been hearing about "what about American prestige abroad": America's prestige abroad will be just as high as the spokesmen for America allow it to be. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now, when we have a presidential candidate, for example - Senator Kennedy - stating over and over again that the United States is second in space and the fact of the matter is that the space score today is twenty-eight to eight - we've had twenty-eight successful shots, they've had eight; when he states that we're second in education, and I have seen Soviet education and I've seen ours, and we're not; that we're second in science because they may be ahead in one area or another, when overall we're way ahead of the Soviet Union and all other countries in science; when he says as he did in January of this year that we have the worst slums, that we have the most crowded schools; when he says that seventeen million people go to bed hungry every night; when he makes statements like this, what does this do to American prestige? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Well, it can only have the effect certainly of reducing it. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Well let me make one thing clear. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy has a responsibility to criticize those things that are wrong, but he has also a responsibility to be right in his criticism. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Every one of these items that I have mentioned he's been wrong - dead wrong. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And for that reason he has contributed to any lack of prestige. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Finally, let me say this: as far as prestige is concerned, the first place it would show up would be in the United Nations. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now Senator Kennedy has referred to the vote on Communist China. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Let's look at the vote on Hungary. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| There we got more votes for condemning Hungary and looking into that situation than we got the last year. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Let's look at the reaction eh - reaction to Khrushchev and Eisenhower at the last U.N. session. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Did Khrushchev gain because he took his shoe off and pounded the table and shouted and insulted? | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Not at all. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| The President gained. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| America gained by continuing the dignity, the decency that has characterized us and it's that that keeps the prestige of America up, not running down America the way Senator Kennedy has been running her down. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Comment, Senator Kennedy? | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I really don't need uh - Mr. Nixon to tell me about what my responsibilities are as a citizen. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I've served this country for fourteen years in the Congress and before that in the service. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I've just as high a devotion, just as high an opinion. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| What I downgrade, Mr. Nixon, is the leadership the country is getting, not the country. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now I didn't make most of the statements that you said I made. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| The s- I believe the Soviet Union is first in outer space. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We have - may have made more shots but the size of their rocket thrust and all the rest - you yourself said to Khrushchev, "You may be ahead of us in rocket thrust but we're ahead of you in color television" in your famous discussion in the kitchen. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I think that color television is not as important as rocket thrust. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Secondly, I didn't say we had the worst slums in the world. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I said we had too many slums. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And that they are bad, and we ought to do something about them, and we ought to support housing legislation which this Administration has opposed. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I didn't say we had the worst education in the world. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| What I said was that ten years ago, we were producing twice as many scientists and engineers as the Soviet Union and today they're producing twice as many as we are, and that this affects our security around the world. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And fourth, I believe that the polls and other studies and votes in the United Nations and anyone reading the paper and any citizen of the United States must come to the conclusion that the United States no longer carries the same image of a vital society on the move with its brightest days ahead as it carried a decade or two decades ago. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Part of that is because we've stood still here at home, because we haven't met our problems in the United States, because we haven't had a moving economy. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Part of that, as the Gallup Polls show, is because the Soviet Union made a breakthrough in outer space. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. George Allen, head of your Information Service, has said that that made the people of the world begin to wonder whether we were first in science. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We're first in other areas of science but in space, which is the new science, we're not first. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| John Chancellor, your first question for Senator Kennedy. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Senator, another question uh - in connection with our relations with the Russians. | CHANCELLOR | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| There have been stories from Washington from the Atomic Energy Commission hinting that the Russians may have resumed the testing of nuclear devices. | CHANCELLOR | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now if - sir, if this is true, should the United States resume nuclear testing, and if the Russians do not start testing, can you foresee any circumstances in 1961 in which the United States might resume its own series of tests? | CHANCELLOR | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Yes, I think the next president of the United States should make one last effort to secure an agreement on the cessation of tests, number one. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I think we should go back to Geneva, who's ever elected president, Mr. Nixon or myself, and try once again. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| If we fail then, if we're unable to come to an agreement - and I hope we can come to an agreement because it does not merely involve now the United States, Britain, France, and the Soviet Union as atomic powers. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Because new breakthroughs in atomic energy technology there's some indications that by the time the next president's term of office has come to an end, there may be ten, fifteen, or twenty countries with an atomic capacity, perhaps that many testing bombs with all the effect that it could have on the atmosphere and with all the chances that more and more countries will have an atomic capacity, with more and more chance of war. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| So one more effort should be made. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I don't think that even if that effort fails that it will be necessary to carry on tests in the atmosphere which pollute the atmosphere. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| They can be carried out underground, they c- could be carried on in outer space. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| But I believe the effort should be made once more by who's ever elected president of the United States. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| If we fail, it's been a great serious failure for everyone - for the human race. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I hope we can succeed. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| But then if we fail responsibility will be clearly on the Russians and then we'll have to meet our responsibilities to the security of the United States, and there may have to be testing underground. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I think the Atomic Energy Committee is prepared for it. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| There may be testing in outer space. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I hope it will not be necessary for any power to resume uh - testing in the atmosphere. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| It's possible to detect those kind of tests. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| The kind of tests which you can't detect are underground or in - in uh - perhaps in outer space. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| So that I'm hopeful we can try once more. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| If we fail then we must meet our responsibilities to ourselves. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| But I'm most concerned about the whole problem of the spread of atomic weapons. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| China may have it by 1963, Egypt. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| War has been the constant companion of mankind, so to have these weapons disseminated around the world, I believe means that we're going to move through a period of hazard in the next few years. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We ought to make one last effort. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Any comment, Mr. Vice President? | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Yes. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I would say first of all that we must have in mind the fact that we have been negotiating to get tests inspected and uh - to get an agreement for many, many months. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| As a matter of fact, there's been a moratorium on testing as a result of the fact that we have been negotiating. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I've reached the conclusion that the Soviet Union is actually filibustering. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I've reached the conclusion, too, based on the reports that have been made, that they may be cheating. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I don't think we can wait until the next president is inaugurated and then uh - select a new team and then all the months of negotiating that will take place before we reach a decision, I think that immediately after this election we should set a timetable - the next president, working with the present President, President Eisenhower - a timetable to break the Soviet filibuster. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| There should be no tests in the atmosphere; that rules out any fall-out. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| But as far as underground tests for developing peaceful uses of atomic energy, we should not allow this Soviet filibuster to continue. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I think it's time for them to fish or cut bait. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I think that the next president immediately after his election should sit down with the President, work out a timetable, and - get a decision on this before January of next year. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Our second round of questions begins with one from Mr. Edwards for the Vice President. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Nixon, carrying forward this business about a timetable; as you know, the pressures are increasing for a summit conference. | EDWARDS | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now, both you and Senator Kennedy have said that there are certain conditions which must be met before you would meet with Khrushchev. | EDWARDS | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Will you be more specific about these conditions? | EDWARDS | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Well the conditions I laid out in one of our previous television debates, and it's rather difficult to be much more specific than that. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Uh - First of all, we have to have adequate preparation for a summit conference. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| This means at the secretary of state level and at the ambassadorial level. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| By adequate preparation I mean that at that level we must prepare an agenda, an agenda agreed upon with the approval of the heads of state involved. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now this agenda should delineate those issues on which there is a possibility of some agreement or negotiation. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I don't believe we should go to a summit conference unless we have such an agenda, unless we have some reasonable insur- assurance from Mr. Khrushchev that he intends seriously to negotiate on those points. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now this may seem like a rigid, inflexible position. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| But let's look at the other side of the coin. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| If we build up the hopes of the world by having a summit conference that is not adequately prepared, and then, if Mr. Khrushchev finds some excuse for breaking it up - as he did this one - because he isn't going to get his way - we'd set back the cause of peace. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We do not help it. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We can, in other words, negotiate many of these items of difference between us without going to the summit. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I think we have to make a greater effort than we have been making at the secretary of state level, at the ambassadorial level, to work out the differences that we have. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And so far as the summit conference is concerned, it should only be entered in upon, it should only be agreed upon, if the negotiations have reached the point that we have some reasonable assurance that something is going to come out of it, other than some phony spirit - a spirit of Geneva, or Camp David, or whatever it is. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| When I say "phony spirit," I mean phony, not because the spirit is not good on our side, but because the Soviet Union simply doesn't intend to carry out what they say. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now, these are the conditions that I can lay out. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I cannot be more precise than that, because until we see what Mr. Khrushchev does and what he says uh - we cannot indicate what our plans will be. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Any comments, Senator Kennedy? | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Well, I think the president of the United States last winter indicated that before he'd go to the summit in May he did last fall, he indicated that there should be some agenda, that there should be some prior agreement. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| He hoped that there would be uh - b- be an agreement in part in disarmament. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| He also expressed the hope that there should be some understanding of the general situation in Berlin. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| The Soviet Union refused to agree to that, and we went to the summit and it was disastrous. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I believe we should not go to the summit until there is some reason to believe that a meeting of minds can be obtained on either Berlin, outer space, or general disarmament - including nuclear testing. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| In addition, I believe the next president in January and February should go to work in building the strength of the United States. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| The Soviet Union does understand strength. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We arm to parley, Winston Churchill said ten years ago. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| If we are strong, particularly as we face a crisis over Berlin - which we may in the spring, or in the winter - it's important that we maintain our determination here; that we indicate that we're building our strength; that we are determined to protect our position; that we're determined to protect our commitment. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And then I believe we should indicate our desire to live at peace with the world. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| But until we're strong here, until we're moving here, I believe a summit could not be successful. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I hope that before we do meet, there will be preliminary agreements on those four questions, or at least two of them, or even one of them, which would warrant such a meeting. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I think if we had stuck by that position last winter, we would have been in a better position in May. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We have time for only one or two more questions before the closing statements. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now Walter Cronkite's question for Senator Kennedy. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Senator, the charge has been made frequently that the United States for many years has been on the defensive around the world, that our policy has been uh - one of reaction to the Soviet Union rather than positive action on our own. | CRONKITE | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| What areas do you see where the United States might take the offensive in a challenge to Communism over the next four to eight years? | CRONKITE | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| One of the areas, and of course the most vulnerable area is - I have felt, has been Eastern Europe. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I've been critical of the Administration's failure to suggest policies which would make it possible for us to establish, for example, closer relations with Poland, particularly after the fifty-five-fifty-six period and the Hungarian revolution. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We indicated at that time that we were not going to intervene militarily. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| But there was a period there when Poland demonstrated a national independence and even the Polish government moved some differn- di- distance away from the Soviet Union. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I suggested that we amend our legislation so that we could enjoy closer economic ties. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We received the support first of the Administration and then not, and we were defeated by one vote in the Senate. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We passed the bill in the Senate this year but it didn't pass the House. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I would say Eastern Europe is the area of vulnerability of the uh - s- of the Soviet Union. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Secondly, the relations between Russia and China. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| They are now engaged in a debate over whether war is the means of Communizing the world or whether they should use subversion, infiltration, economic struggles and all the rest. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| No one can say what that course of action will be, but I think the next president of the United States should watch it carefully. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| If those two powers should split, it could have great effects throughout the entire world. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Thirdly, I believe that India represents a great area for affirmative action by the free world. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| India started from about the same place that China did. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Chinese Communists have been moving ahead the last ten years. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| India under a free society has been making some progress. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| But if India does not succeed - with her four hundred and fifty million people, if she can't make freedom work - then people around the world are going to determine - particularly in the underdeveloped world - that the only way that they can develop their resources is through the Communist system. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Fourth, let me say that in Africa, Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe, the great force on our side is the desire of people to be free. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| This has expressed itself in the revolts in Eastern Europe. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| It's expressed itself in the desire of the people of Africa to be independent of Western Europe. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| They want to be free. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And my judgment is that they don't want to give their freedom up to become Communists. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| They want to stay free, independent perhaps of us, but certainly independent of the Communists. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And I believe if we identify ourselves with that force, if we identify ourselves with it as Lincoln, as Wilson did, as Franklin Roosevelt did, if we become known as the friend of freedom, sustaining freedom, helping freedom, helping these people in the fight against poverty and ignorance and disease, helping them build their lives, I believe in Latin America, Africa, and Asia, eventually in the Eastern Europe and the Middle East, certainly in Western Europe, we can strengthen freedom. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We can make it move. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We can put the Communists on the defensive. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Your comment, Mr. Vice President? | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| First, with regard to Poland, when I talked to Mr. Gomulka, the present leader of Poland, for six hours in Warsaw last year, I learned something about their problems and particularly his. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Right under the Soviet gun, with Soviet troops there, he is in a very difficult position in taking anything independent, a position which would be independent of the Soviet Union. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And yet let's just see what we've done for Poland, A half a billion dollars worth of aid has gone to Poland, primarily economic, primarily to go to the people of Poland. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| This should continue and it can be stepped up to give them hope and to keep alive the hope for freedom that I can testify they have so deeply within them. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| In addition we can have more exchange with Poland or with any other of the Iron Curtain countries which show some desire to take a different path than the path that has been taken by the ones that are complete satellites of the Soviet Union. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now as far as the balance of the world is concerned, I of course don't have as much time as Senator Kennedy had. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I would just like to s- add this one point. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| If we are going to have the initiative in the world, we must remember that the people of Africa and Asia and Latin America don't want to be pawns simply in a struggle between two great powers - the Soviet Union and the United States. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We have to let them know that we want to help them, not because we're simply trying to save our own skins, not because we're simply trying to fight Communism; but because we care for them, because we stand for freedom, because if there were no Communism in the world, we would still fight poverty and misery and disease and tyranny. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| If we can get that across to the people of these countries, in this decade of the sixties, the struggle for freedom will be won. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| John Chancellor's question for Vice President Nixon. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Sir, I'd like to ask you an- another question about Quemoy and Matsu. | CHANCELLOR | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Both you and Senator Kennedy say you agree with the President on this subject and with our treaty obligations. | CHANCELLOR | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| But the subject remains in the campaign as an issue. | CHANCELLOR | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now is - sir, is this because each of you feels obliged to respond to the other when he talks about Quemoy and Matsu, and if that's true, do you think an end should be called to this discussion, or will it stay with us as a campaign issue? | CHANCELLOR | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I would say that the issue will stay with us as a campaign issue just as long as Senator Kennedy persists in what I think is a fundamental error. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| He says he supports the President's position. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| He says that he voted for the resolution. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Well just let me point this out; he voted for the resolution in 1955 which gave the president the power to use the forces of the United States to defend Formosa and the offshore islands. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| But he also voted then for an amendment - which was lost, fortunately - an amendment which would have drawn a line and left out those islands and denied the p- right to the president to defend those islands if he thought that it was an attack on Formosa. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| He repeated that error in 1959, in the speech that he made. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| He repeated it again in a television debate that we had. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now, my point is this: Senator Kennedy has got to be consistent here. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Either he's for the President and he's against the position that those who opposed the President in fifty-five and fifty-nine - and the Senator's position itself, stated the other day in our debate - either he is for the President and against that position or we simply have a disagreement here that must continue to be debated. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now if the Senator in his answer to this question will say "I now will depart, or retract my previous views; I think I was wrong in I 955; I think I was wrong in 1959; and I think I was wrong in our television debate to say that we should draw a line leaving out Quemoy and Matsu - draw a line in effect abandoning these islands to the Communists;" then this will be right out of the campaign because there will be no issue between us. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I support the President's position. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I have always opposed drawing a line. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I have opposed drawing a line because I know that the moment you draw a line, that is an encouragement for the Communists to attack - to step up their blackmail and to force you into the war that none of us want. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And so I would hope that Senator Kennedy in his answer today would clear it up. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| It isn't enough for him to say "I support the President's position, that I voted for the resolution." | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Of course, he voted for the resolution - it was virtually unanimous. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| But the point is, what about his error in voting for the amendment, which was not adopted, and then persisting in it in fifty-nine, persisting in it in the debate. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| It's very simple for him to clear it up. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| He can say now that he no longer believes that a line should be drawn leaving these islands out of the perimeter of defense. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| If he says that, this issue will not be discussed in the campaign. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy, your comment. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Well, Mr. Nixon, to go back to 1955. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| The resolution commits the president in the United States, which I supported, to defend uh - Formosa, the Pescadores, and if it was his military judgment, these islands. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Then the President sent a mission, composed of Admiral Radford and Mr. Robertson, to persuade Chiang Kai-shek in the spring of fifty-five to withdraw from the two islands, because they were exposed. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| The President was unsuccessful; Chiang Kai-shek would not withdraw. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I refer to the fact that in 1958, as a member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, I'm very familiar with the position that the United States took in negotiating with the Chinese Communists on these two islands. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| General Twining, in January, fifty-nine, described the position of the United States. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| The position of the United States has been that this build-up, in the words of the president, has been foolish. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Herter has said these islands are indefensible. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Chiang Kai-shek will not withdraw. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Because he will not withdraw, because he's committed to these islands, because we've been unable to persuade him to withdraw, we are in a very difficult position. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And therefore, the President's judgment has been that we should defend the islands if, in his military judgment and the judgment of the commander in the field, the attack on these islands should be part of an overall attack on Formosa. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I support that. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| In view of the difficulties we've had with the islands, in view of the difficulties and disputes we've had with Chiang Kai-shek, that's the only position we can take. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| That's not the position you took, however. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| The first position you took, when this matter first came up, was that we should draw the line and commit ourselves, as a matter of principle, to defend these islands. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Not as part of the defense of Formosa and the Pescadores. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| You showed no recognition of the Administration program to try to persuade Chiang Kai-shek for the last five years to withdraw from the islands. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And I challenge you tonight to deny that the Administration has sent at least several missions to persuade Chiang Kai-shek's withdrawal from these islands. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Under the agreed | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And that's the testimony of uh - General Twining and the Assistant Secretary of State in fifty-eight. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Under the agreed rules, gentlemen, we've exhausted the time for questions. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Each candidate will now have four minutes and thirty seconds for his closing statement. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy will make the first final closing statement. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I uh - said that I've served this country for fourteen years. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I served it uh - in the war. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I'm devoted to it. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| If I lose this election, I will continue in the Senate to try to build a stronger country. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| But I run because I believe this year the United States has a great opportunity to make a move forward, to make a determination here at home and around the world, that it's going to reestablish itself as a vigorous society. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| My judgment is that the Republican party has stood still here in the United States, and it's also stood still around the world. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Uh - We're using about fifty percent of our steel capacity today. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We had a recession in fifty-eight. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We had a recession in fifty-four. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We're not moving ahead in education the way we should. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We didn't make a judgment in fifty-seven and fifty-six and fifty-five and fifty-four that outer space would be important. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| If we stand still here, if we appoint people to ambassadorships and positions in Washington who have a status quo outlook, who don't recognize that this is a revolutionary time, then the United States does not maintain its influence. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And if we fail, the cause of freedom fails. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I believe it incumbent upon the next president of the United States to get this country moving again, to get our economy moving ahead, to set before the American people its goals, its unfinished business. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And then throughout the world appoint the best people we can get, ambassadors who can speak the language - no mere - not merely people who made a political contribution but who can speak the language. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Bring students here; let them see what kind of a country we have. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Nixon said that we should not regard them as pawns in the cold war; we should identify ourselves with them. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| If that were true, why didn't we identify ourselves with the people of Africa? | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Why didn't we bring students over here? | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Why did we suddenly offer Congo three hundred students last June when they had the tremendous revolt? | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| That was more than we had offered to all of Africa before from the federal government. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I believe that this party - Republican party - has stood still really for twenty-five years - its leadership has. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| It opposed all of the programs of President Roosevelt and others - the minimum wage and for housing and economic growth and development of our natural resources, the Tennessee Valley and all the rest. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And I believe that if we can get a party which believes in movement, which believes in going ahead, then we can reestablish our position in the world - strong defense, strong in economic growth, justice for our people, co- guarantee of constitutional rights, so that people will believe that we practice what we preach, and then around the world, particularly to try to reestablish the atmosphere which existed in Latin America at the time of Franklin Roosevelt. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| He was a good neighbor in Latin America because he was a good neighbor in the United States; because they saw us as a society that was compassionate, that cared about people, that was moving this country ahead. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I believe it my responsibility as the leader of the Democratic party in 1960 to try to warn the American people that in this crucial time we can no longer afford to stand still. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We can no longer afford to be second best. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I want people all over the world to look to the United States again, to feel that we're on the move, to feel that our high noon is in the future. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I want Mr. Khrushchev to know that a new generation of Americans who fought in Europe and Italy and the Pacific for freedom in World War II have now taken over in the United States, and that they're going to put this country back to work again. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I don't believe that there is anything this country cannot do. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I don't believe there's any burden, or any responsibility, that any American would not assume to protect his country, to protect our security, to advance the cause of freedom. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And I believe it incumbent upon us now to do that. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Franklin Roosevelt said in 1936 that that generation of Americans had a rendezvous with destiny. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| I believe in 1960 and sixty-one and two and three we have a rendezvous with destiny. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And I believe it incumbent upon us to be the defenders of the United States and the defenders of freedom; and to do that, we must give this country leadership and we must get America moving again. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now, Vice President Nixon, your closing statement. | Quincy Howe | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy has said tonight again what he has said several times in the course of this - these debates and in the campaign, that American is standing still. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| America is not standing still. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| It has not been standing still. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And let's set the record straight right now by looking at the record, as Al Smith used to say. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| He talks about housing. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We built more houses in the last seven years than in any Administration and thirty percent more than in the previous Administration. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We talk about schools - three times as many classrooms built in the past Administration - and Eisenhower - than under the Truman Administration. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Let's talk about civil rights. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| More progress in the past eight years than in the whole eighty years before. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| He talks about the progress in the field of slum clearance and the like. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We find four times as many projects undertaken and completed in this Administration than in the previous one. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Anybody that says America has been standing still for the last seven and a half years hasn't been traveling in America. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| He's been in some other country. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Let's get that straight right away. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now the second point we have to understand is this, however. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| America has not been standing still. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| But America cannot stand pat. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We can't stand pat for the reason that we're in a race, as I've indicated. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We can't stand pat because it is essential with the conflict that we have around the world that we not just hold our own, that we not keep just freedom for ourselves. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| It is essential that we extend freedom, extend it to all the world. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And this means more than what we've been doing. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| It means keeping America even stronger militarily than she is. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| It means seeing that our economy moves forward even faster than it has. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| It means making more progress in civil rights than we have so that we can be a splendid example for all the world to see - a democracy in action at its best. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Now, looking at the other parts of the world - South America - talking about our record and the previous one. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We had a good neighbor policy, yes. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| It sounded fine. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| But let's look at it. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| There were eleven dictators when we came into power in 1953 in Latin America. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| There are only three left. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Let's look at Africa. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Twenty new countries in Africa during the course of this Administration. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Not one of them selected a Communist government. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| All of them voted for freedom - a free type of government. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Does this show that Communism has the bigger pull, or freedom has the bigger pull? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Am I trying to indicate that we have no problems in Africa or Latin America or Asia? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Of course not. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| What I am trying to indicate is that the tide of history's on our side, and that we can keep it on our side, because we're on the right side. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We're on the side of freedom. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| We're on the side of justice against the forces of slavery, against the forces of injustice. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| But we aren't going to move America forward and we aren't going to be able to lead the world to win this struggle for freedom if we have a permanent inferiority complex about American achievements. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Because we are first in the world in space, as I've indicated; we are first in science; we are first in education, and we're going to move even further ahead with the kind of leadership that we can provide in these years ahead. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| One other point I would make: what could you do? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy and I are candidates for the presidency of the United States. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And in the years to come it will be written that one or the other of us was elected and that he was or was not a great president. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| What will determine whether Senator Kennedy or I, if I am elected, was a great president? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| It will not be our ambition that will determine it, because greatness is not something that is written on a campaign poster. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| It will be determined to the extent that we represent the deepest ideals, the highest feelings and faith of the American people. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| In other words, the next president, as he leads America and the free world, can be only as great as the American people are great. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| And so I say in conclusion, keep America's faith strong. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| See that the young people of America, particularly, have faith in the ideals of freedom and faith in God, which distinguishes us from the atheistic materialists who oppose us. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 21 Oct 1960 |
| Good evening. | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The television and radio stations of the United States and their affiliated stations are proud to provide facilities for a discussion of issues in the current political campaign by the two major candidates for the presidency. | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The candidates need no introduction. | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The Republican candidate, Vice President Richard M. Nixon, and the Democratic candidate, Senator John F. Kennedy. | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| According to rules set by the candidates themselves, each man shall make an opening statement of approximately eight minutes' duration and a closing statement of approximately three minutes' duration. | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| In between the candidates will answer, or comment upon answers to questions put by a panel of correspondents. | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| In this, the first discussion in a series of four uh - joint appearances, the subject-matter has been agreed,will be restricted to internal or domestic American matters. | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And now for the first opening statement by Senator John F. Kennedy. | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Mr. Smith, Mr. Nixon. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| In the election of 1860, Abraham Lincoln said the question was whether this nation could exist half-slave or half-free. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| In the election of 1960, and with the world around us, the question is whether the world will exist half-slave or half-free, whether it will move in the direction of freedom, in the direction of the road that we are taking, or whether it will move in the direction of slavery. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think it will depend in great measure upon what we do here in the United States, on the kind of society that we build, on the kind of strength that we maintain. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We discuss tonight domestic issues, but I would not want that to be any implication to be given that this does not involve directly our struggle with Mr. Khrushchev for survival. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Mr. Khrushchev is in New York, and he maintains the Communist offensive throughout the world because of the productive power of the Soviet Union itself. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The Chinese Communists have always had a large population. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| But they are important and dangerous now because they are mounting a major effort within their own country. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The kind of country we have here, the kind of society we have, the kind of strength we build in the United States will be the defense of freedom. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| If we do well here, if we meet our obligations, if we're moving ahead, then I think freedom will be secure around the world. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| If we fail, then freedom fails. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Therefore, I think the question before the American people is: Are we doing as much as we can do? | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Are we as strong as we should be? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Are we as strong as we must be if we're going to maintain our independence, and if we're going to maintain and hold out the hand of friendship to those who look to us for assistance, to those who look to us for survival? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I should make it very clear that I do not think we're doing enough, that I am not satisfied as an American with the progress that we're making. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| This is a great country, but I think it could be a greater country; and this is a powerful country, but I think it could be a more powerful country. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I'm not satisfied to have fifty percent of our steel-mill capacity unused. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I'm not satisfied when the United States had last year the lowest rate of economic growth of any major industrialized society in the world. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Because economic growth means strength and vitality; it means we're able to sustain our defenses; it means we're able to meet our commitments abroad. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I'm not satisfied when we have over nine billion dollars worth of food - some of it rotting - even though there is a hungry world, and even though four million Americans wait every month for a food package from the government, which averages five cents a day per individual. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I saw cases in West Virginia, here in the United States, where children took home part of their school lunch in order to feed their families because I don't think we're meeting our obligations toward these Americans. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I'm not satisfied when the Soviet Union is turning out twice as many scientists and engineers as we are. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I'm not satisfied when many of our teachers are inadequately paid, or when our children go to school part-time shifts. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think we should have an educational system second to none. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I'm not satisfied when I see men like Jimmy Hoffa - in charge of the largest union in the United States - still free. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I'm not satisfied when we are failing to develop the natural resources of the United States to the fullest. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Here in the United States, which developed the Tennessee Valley and which built the Grand Coulee and the other dams in the Northwest United States at the present rate of hydropower production - and that is the hallmark of an industrialized society - the Soviet Union by 1975 will be producing more power than we are. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| These are all the things, I think, in this country that can make our society strong, or can mean that it stands still. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I'm not satisfied until every American enjoys his full constitutional rights. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| If a Negro baby is born - and this is true also of Puerto Ricans and Mexicans in some of our cities - he has about one-half as much chance to get through high school as a white baby. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| He has one-third as much chance to get through college as a white student. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| He has about a third as much chance to be a professional man, about half as much chance to own a house. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| He has about uh - four times as much chance that he'll be out of work in his life as the white baby. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think we can do better. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I don't want the talents of any American to go to waste. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I know that there are those who want to turn everything over to the government. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I don't at all. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I want the individuals to meet their responsibilities. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And I want the states to meet their responsibilities. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| But I think there is also a national responsibility. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The argument has been used against every piece of social legislation in the last twenty-five years. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The people of the United States individually could not have developed the Tennessee Valley; collectively they could have. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| A cotton farmer in Georgia or a peanut farmer or a dairy farmer in Wisconsin and Minnesota, he cannot protect himself against the forces of supply and demand in the market place; but working together in effective governmental programs he can do so. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Seventeen million Americans, who live over sixty-five on an average Social Security check of about seventy-eight dollars a month, they're not able to sustain themselves individually, but they can sustain themselves through the social security system. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I don't believe in big government, but I believe in effective governmental action. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And I think that's the only way that the United States is going to maintain its freedom. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| It's the only way that we're going to move ahead. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think we can do a better job. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think we're going to have to do a better job if we are going to meet the responsibilities which time and events have placed upon us. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We cannot turn the job over to anyone else. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| If the United States fails, then the whole cause of freedom fails. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And I think it depends in great measure on what we do here in this country. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The reason Franklin Roosevelt was a good neighbor in Latin America was because he was a good neighbor in the United States. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Because they felt that the American society was moving again. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I want us to recapture that image. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I want people in Latin America and Africa and Asia to start to look to America; to see how we're doing things; to wonder what the resident of the United States is doing; and not to look at Khrushchev, or look at the Chinese Communists. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| That is the obligation upon our generation. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| In 1933, Franklin Roosevelt said in his inaugural that this generation of Americans has a rendezvous with destiny. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think our generation of Americans has the same rendezvous. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The question now is: Can freedom be maintained under the most severe tack - attack it has ever known? | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think it can be. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And I think in the final analysis it depends upon what we do here. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think it's time America started moving again. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And now the opening statement by Vice President Richard M. Nixon. | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Mr. Smith, Senator Kennedy. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The things that Senator Kennedy has said many of us can agree with. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| There is no question but that we cannot discuss our internal affairs in the United States without recognizing that they have a tremendous bearing on our international position. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| There is no question but that this nation cannot stand still; because we are in a deadly competition, a competition not only with the men in the Kremlin, but the men in Peking. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We're ahead in this competition, as Senator Kennedy, I think, has implied. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| But when you're in a race, the only way to stay ahead is to move ahead. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And I subscribe completely to the spirit that Senator Kennedy has expressed tonight, the spirit that the United States should move ahead. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Where, then, do we disagree? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think we disagree on the implication of his remarks tonight and on the statements that he has made on many occasions during his campaign to the effect that the United States has been standing still. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We heard tonight, for example, the statement made that our growth in national product last year was the lowest of any industrial nation in the world. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Now last year, of course, was 1958. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| That happened to be a recession year. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| But when we look at the growth of G.N.P. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| this year, a year of recovery, we find that it's six and nine-tenths per cent and one of the highest in the world today. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| More about that later. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Looking then to this problem of how the United States should move ahead and where the United States is moving, I think it is well that we take the advice of a very famous campaigner: Let's look at the record. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Is the United States standing still? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Is it true that this Administration, as Senator Kennedy has charged, has been an Administration of retreat, of defeat, of stagnation? | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Is it true that, as far as this country is concerned, in the field of electric power, in all of the fields that he has mentioned, we have not been moving ahead. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Well, we have a comparison that we can make. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We have the record of the Truman Administration of seven and a half years and the seven and a half years of the Eisenhower Administration. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| When we compare these two records in the areas that Senator Kennedy has - has discussed tonight, I think we find that America has been moving ahead. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Let's take schools. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We have built more schools in these last seven and a half years than we built in the previous seven and a half, for that matter in the previous twenty years. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Let's take hydroelectric power. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We have developed more hydroelectric power in these seven and a half years than was developed in any previous administration in history. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Let us take hospitals. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We find that more have been built in this Administration than in the previous Administration. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The same is true of highways. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Let's put it in terms that all of us can understand. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We often hear gross national product discussed and in that respect may I say that when we compare the growth in this Administration with that of the previous Administration that then there was a total growth of eleven percent over seven years; in this Administration there has been a total growth of nineteen percent over seven years. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| That shows that there's been more growth in this Administration than in its predecessor. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| But let's not put it there; let's put it in terms of the average family. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| What has happened to you? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We find that your wages have gone up five times as much in the Eisenhower Administration as they did in the Truman Administration. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| What about the prices you pay? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We find that the prices you pay went up five times as much in the Truman Administration as they did in the Eisenhower Administration. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| What's the net result of this? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| This means that the average family income went up fifteen per cent in the Eisenhower years as against two percent in the Truman years. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Now, this is not standing still. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| But, good as this record is, may I emphasize it isn't enough. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| A record is never something to stand on. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| It's something to build on. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And in building on this record, I believe that we have the secret for progress, we know the way to progress. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And I think, first of all, our own record proves that we know the way. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy has suggested that he believes he knows the way. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I respect the sincerity which he m- which he makes that suggestion. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| But on the other hand, when we look at the various programs that he offers, they do not seem to be new. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| They seem to be simply retreads of the programs of the Truman Administration which preceded it. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And I would suggest that during the course of the evening he might indicate those areas in which his programs are new, where they will mean more progress than we had then. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| What kind of programs are we for? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We are for programs that will expand educational opportunities, that will give to all Americans their equal chance for education, for all of the things which are necessary and dear to the hearts of our people. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We are for programs, in addition, which will see that our medical care for the aged are - is - are much - is much better handled than it is at the present time. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Here again, may I indicate that Senator Kennedy and I are not in disagreement as to the aims. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We both want to help the old people. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We want to see that they do have adequate medical care. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The question is the means. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think that the means that I advocate will reach that goal better than the means that he advocates. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I could give better examples, but for - for whatever it is, whether it's in the field of housing, or health, or medical care, or schools, or the eh- development of electric power, we have programs which we believe will move America, move her forward and build on the wonderful record that we have made over these past seven and a half years. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Now, when we look at these programs, might I suggest that in evaluating them we often have a tendency to say that the test of a program is how much you're spending. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I will concede that in all the areas to which I have referred Senator Kennedy would have the spe- federal government spend more than I would have it spend. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I costed out the cost of the Democratic platform. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| It runs a minimum of thirteen and two-tenths billions dollars a year more than we are presently spending to a maximum of eighteen billion dollars a year more than we're presently spending. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Now the Republican platform will cost more too. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| It will cost a minimum of four billion dollars a year more, a maximum of four and nine-tenths billion dollar a year more than we're presently spending. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Now, does this mean that his program is better than ours? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Not at all. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Because it isn't a question of how much the federal government spends; it isn't a question of which government does the most. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| It is a question of which administration does the right thing. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And in our case, I do believe that our programs will stimulate the creative energies of a hundred and eighty million free Americans. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I believe the programs that Senator Kennedy advocates will have a tendency to stifle those creative energies, I believe in other words, that his program would lead to the stagnation of the motive power that we need in this country to get progress. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The final point that I would like to make is this: Senator Kennedy has suggested in his speeches that we lack compassion for the poor, for the old, and for others that are unfortunate. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Let us understand throughout this campaign that his motives and mine are sincere. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I know what it means to be poor. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I know what it means to see people who are unemployed. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I know Senator Kennedy feels as deeply about these problems as I do, but our disagreement is not about the goals for America but only about the means to reach those goals. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Thank you, Mr. Nixon. | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| That completes the opening statements, and now the candidates will answer questions or comment upon one another's answers to questions, put by correspondents of the networks. | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| NaN | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| [introducing themselves: "I'm Sander Vanocur, NBC News;" "I'm Charles Warren, Mutual News;" "I'm Stuart Novins, CBS News;" "Bob Fleming, ABC News."] | NaN | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The first question to Senator Kennedy from Mr. Fleming. | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Senator, the Vice President in his campaign has said that you were naive and at times immature. | FLEMING | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| He has raised the question of leadership. | FLEMING | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| On this issue, why do you think people should vote for you rather than the Vice President? | FLEMING | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Well, the Vice President and I came to the Congress together 1946; we both served in the Labor Committee. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I've been there now for fourteen years, the same period of time that he has, so that our experience in uh - government is comparable. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Secondly, I think the question is uh - what are the programs that we advocate, what is the party record that we lead? | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I come out of the Democratic party, which in this century has produced Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman, and which supported and sustained these programs which I've discussed tonight. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Mr. Nixon comes out of the Republican party. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| He was nominated by it. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And it is a fact that through most of these last twenty-five years the Republican leadership has opposed federal aid for education, medical care for the aged, development of the Tennessee Valley, development of our natural resources. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think Mr. Nixon is an effective leader of his party. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I hope he would grant me the same. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The question before us is:which point of view and which party do we want to lead the United States? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Mr. Nixon, would you like to comment on that statement? | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I have no comment. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The next question: Mr. Novins. | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President, your campaign stresses the value of your eight year experience, and the question arises as to whether that experience was as an observer or as a participant or as an initiator of policy-making. | NOVINS | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Would you tell us please specifically what major proposals you have made in the last eight years that have been adopted by the Administration? | NOVINS | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| It would be rather difficult to cover them in eight and- in two and a half minutes. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I would suggest that these proposals could be mentioned. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| First, after each of my foreign trips I have made recommendations that have been adopted. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| For example, after my first trip abroad - abroad, I strongly recommended that we increase our exchange programs particularly as they related to exchange of persons of leaders in the labor field and in the information field. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| After my trip to South America, I made recommendations that a separate inter-American lending agency be set up which the South American nations would like much better than a lend- than to participate in the lending agencies which treated all the countries of the world the same. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Uh - I have made other recommendations after each of the other trips; for example, after my trip abroad to Hungary I made some recommendations with regard to the Hungarian refugee situation which were adopted, not only by the President but some of them were enacted into law by the Congress. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Within the Administration, as a chairman of the President's Committee on Price Stability and Economic Growth, I have had the opportunity to make recommendations which have been adopted within the Administration and which I think have been reasonably effective. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I know Senator Kennedy suggested in his speech at Cleveland yesterday that that committee had not been particularly effective. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I would only suggest that while we do not take the credit for it - I would not presume to - that since that committee has been formed the price line has been held very well within the United States. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Well, I would say in the latter that the - and that's what I found uh - somewhat unsatisfactory about the figures uh - Mr. Nixon, that you used in your previous speech, when you talked about the Truman Administration. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| You - Mr. Truman came to office in nineteen uh - forty-four and at the end of the war, and uh - difficulties that were facing the United States during that period of transition - 1946 when price controls were lifted - so it's rather difficult to use an overall figure taking those seven and a half years and comparing them to the last eight years. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I prefer to take the overall percentage record of the last twenty years of the Democrats and the eight years of the Republicans to show an overall period of growth. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| In regard to uh - price stability uh - I'm not aware that that committee did produce recommendations that ever were certainly before the Congress from the point of view of legislation in regard to controlling prices. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| In regard to the exchange of students and labor unions, I am chairman of the subcommittee on Africa and I think that one of the most unfortunate phases of our policy towards that country was the very minute number of exchanges that we had. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think it's true of Latin America also. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We did come forward with a program of students for the Congo of over three hundred which was more than the federal government had for all of Africa the previous year, so that I don't think that uh - we have moved at least in those two areas with sufficient vigor. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The next question to Senator Kennedy from Mr. Warren. | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Uh - Senator Kennedy, during your brief speech a few minutes ago you mentioned farm surpluses. | WARREN | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| That's correct. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I'd like to ask this: It's a fact, I think, that presidential candidates traditionally make promises to farmers. | WARREN | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Lots of people, I think, don't understand why the government pays farmers for not producing certain crops or paying farmers if they overproduce for that matter. | WARREN | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Now, let me ask, sir, why can't the farmer operate like the business man who operates a factory? | WARREN | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| If an auto company overproduces a certain model car Uncle Sam doesn't step in and buy up the surplus. | WARREN | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Why this constant courting of the farmer? | WARREN | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Well, because I think that if the federal government moved out of the program and withdrew its supports uh - then I think you would have complete uh - economic chaos. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The farmer plants in the spring and harvests in the fall. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| There are hundreds of thousands of them. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| They really don't - they're not able to control their market very well. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| They bring their crops in or their livestock in, many of them about the same time. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| They have only a few purchasers that buy their milk or their hogs - a few large companies in many cases - and therefore the farmer is not in a position to bargain very effectively in the market place. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think the experience of the twenties has shown what a free market could do to agriculture. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And if the agricultural economy collapses, then the economy of the rest of the United States sooner or later will collapse. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The farmers are the number one market for the automobile industry of the United States. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The automobile industry is the number one market for steel. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| So if the farmers' economy continues to decline as sharply as it has in recent years, then I think you would have a recession in the rest of the country. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| So I think the case for the government intervention is a good one. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Secondly, my objection to present farm policy is that there are no effective controls to bring supply and demand into better balance. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The dropping of the support price in order to limit production does not work, and we now have the highest uh - surpluses - nine billion dollars worth. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We've had a uh - higher tax load from the Treasury for the farmer in the last few years with the lowest farm income in many years. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think that this farm policy has failed. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| In my judgment the only policy that will work will be for effective supply and demand to be in balance. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And that can only be done through governmental action. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I therefore suggest that in those basic commodities which are supported, that the federal government, after endorsement by the farmers in that commodity, attempt to bring supply and demand into balance - attempt effective production controls - so that we won't have that five or six percent surplus which breaks the price fifteen or twenty per cent. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think Mr.Benson's program has failed. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And I must say, after reading the Vice President's speech before the farmers, as he read mine, I don't believe that it's very much different from Mr. Benson's. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I don't think it provides effective governmental controls. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think the support prices are tied to the average market price of the last three years, which was Mr. Benson's theory. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I therefore do not believe that this is a sharp enough breach with the past to give us any hope of success for the future. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Mr. Nixon, comment? | Howard Smith | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I of course disagree with Senator Kennedy insofar as his suggestions as to what should be done uh - with re- on the farm program. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| He has made the suggestion that what we need is to move in the direction of more government controls, a suggestion that would also mean raising prices uh - that the consumers pay for products and im- and imposing upon the farmers uh - controls on acreage even far more than they have today. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think this is the wrong direction. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I don't think this has worked in the past; I do not think it will work in the future. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The program that I have advocated is one which departs from the present program that we have in this respect. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| It recognizes that the government has a responsibility to get the farmer out of the trouble he presently is in because the government got him into it. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And that's the fundamental reason why we can't let the farmer go by himself at the present time. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The farmer produced these surpluses because the government asked him to through legislation during the war. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Now that we have these surpluses, it's our responsibility to indemnify the farmer during that period that we get rid of the farmer uh - the surpluses. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Until we get the surpluses off the farmer's back, however, we should have a program such as I announced, which will see that farm income holds up. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| But I would propose holding that income up not through a type of program that Senator Kennedy has suggested that would raise prices, but one that would indemnify the farmer, pay the farmer in kind uh - from the products which are in surplus. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The next question to Vice President Nixon from Mr. Vanocur. | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Uh - Mr. Vice President, since the question of executive leadership is a very important campaign issue, I'd like to follow Mr. Novins' question. | Sander Vanocur | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Now, Republican campaign slogans - you'll see them on signs around the country as you did last week - say it's experience that counts - that's over a picture of yourself; sir uh - implying that you've had more governmental executive decision-making uh - experience than uh - your opponent. | Sander Vanocur | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Now, in his news conference on August twenty-fourth, President Eisenhower was asked to give one example of a major idea of yours that he adopted. | Sander Vanocur | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| His reply was, and I'm quoting; "If you give me a week I might think of one. | Sander Vanocur | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I don't remember." | Sander Vanocur | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Now that was a month ago, sir, and the President hasn't brought it up since, and I'm wondering, sir, if you can clarify which version is correct - the one put out by Republican campaign leaders or the one put out by President Eisenhower? | Sander Vanocur | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Well, I would suggest, Mr. Vanocur, that uh - if you know the President, that was probably a facetious remark. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Uh - I would also suggest that insofar as his statement is concerned, that I think it would be improper for the President of the United States to disclose uh - the instances in which members of his official family had made recommendations, as I have made them through the years to him, which he has accepted or rejected. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The President has always maintained and very properly so that he is entitled to get what advice he wants from his cabinet and from his other advisers without disclosing that to anybody - including as a matter of fact the Congress. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Now, I can only say this. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Through the years I have sat in the National Security Council. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I have been in the cabinet. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I have met with the legislative leaders. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I have met with the President when he made the great decisions with regard to Lebanon, Quemoy and Matsu, other matters. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The President has asked for my advice. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I have given it. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Sometimes my advice has been taken. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Sometimes it has not. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I do not say that I have made the decisions. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And I would say that no president should ever allow anybody else to make the major decisions, The president only makes the decisions. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| All that his advisers do is to give counsel when he asks for it. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| As far as what experience counts and whether that is experience that counts, that isn't for me to say. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Uh - I can only say that my experience is there for the people to consider; Senator Kennedy's is there for the people to consider. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| As he pointed out, we came to the Congress in the same year. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| His experience has been different from mine. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Mine has been in the executive branch. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| His has been in the legislative branch. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I would say that the people now have the opportunity to evaluate his as against mine and I think both he and I are going to abide by whatever the people decide. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy. | Howard Smith | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Well, I'll just say that the question is of experience and the question also is uh - what our judgment is of the future, and what our goals are for the United States, and what ability we have to implement those goals. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Abraham Lincoln came to the presidency in 1860 after a rather little known uh - session in the House of Representatives and after being defeated for the Senate in fifty-eight and was a distinguished president. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| There's no certain road to the presidency. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| There are no guarantees that uh - if you take uh - one road or another that you will be a successful president. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I have been in the Congress for fourteen years. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I have voted in the last uh - eight years uh - and the Vice President was uh - presiding over the Senate and meeting his other responsibilities. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I have met met uh - decisions over eight hundred times on matters which affect not only the domestic security of the United States, but as a member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The question really is: which candidate and which party can meet the problems that the United States is going to face in the sixties? | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The next question to Senator Kennedy from Mr. Novins. | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy, in connection with these problems of the future that you speak of, and the program that you enunciated earlier in your direct talk, you call for expanding some of the welfare programs for schools, for teacher salaries, medical care, and so forth; but you also call for reducing the federal debt. | NOVINS | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And I'm wondering how you, if you're president in January, would go about paying the bill for all this. | NOVINS | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Does this mean that you? | NOVINS | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I didn't indicate. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I did not advocate reducing the federal debt because I don't believe that you're going to be able to reduce the federal debt very much in nineteen sixty-one, two, or three. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think you have heavy obligations which affect our security, which we're going to have to meet. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And therefore I've never suggested we should uh - be able to retire the debt substantially, or even at all in nineteen sixty-one or two. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Senator, I believe in - in one of your speeches - | NOVINS | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| No, never. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| - you suggested that reducing the interest rate would help toward - | NOVINS | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| No. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| No. | John F. Kennedy | NaN | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Not reducing the interest - | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| - a reduction of the Federal debt. | NOVINS | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| - reducing the interest rate. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| In my judgment, the hard money, tight money policy, fiscal policy of this Administration has contributed to the slow-down in our economy, which helped bring the recession of fifty-four; which made the recession of fifty-eight rather intense, and which has slowed, somewhat, our economic activity in 1960. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| What I have talked about, however, the kind of programs that I've talked about, in my judgment, are uh - fiscally sound. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Medical care for the aged, I would put under social security. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The Vice President and I disagree on this. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The program - the Javits-Nixon or the Nixon- Javits program - would have cost, if fully used uh - six hundred million dollars by the government per year, and six hundred million dollars by the state. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The program which I advocated, which failed by five votes in the United States Senate, would have put medical care for the aged in Social Security, and would have been paid for through the Social Security System and the Social Security tax. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Secondly, I support federal aid to education and federal aid for teachers' salaries. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think that's a good investment. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think we're going to have to do it. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And I think to heap the burden further on the property tax, which is already strained in many of our communities, will provide, will make sh- insure, in my opinion, that many of our children will not be adequately educated, and many of our teachers not adequately compensated. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| There is no greater return to an economy or to a society than an educational system second to none. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| On the question of the development of natural resources, I would pay as you go in the sense that they would be balanced and the power revenues would bring back sufficient money to finance the projects, in the same way as the Tennessee Valley. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I believe in the balanced budget. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And the only conditions under which I would unbalance the budget would be if there was a grave national emergency or a serious recession. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Otherwise, with a steady rate of economic growth - and Mr. Nixon and Mr. Rockefeller, in their meeting, said a five per cent economic growth would bring by 1962 ten billion dollars extra in tax revenues. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Whatever is brought in, I think that we can finance essential programs within a balanced budget, if business remains orderly. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Mr. Nixon, your comment? | Howard Smith | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Yes. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think what Mr. Novins was referring to was not one of Senator Kennedy's speeches, but the Democratic platform, which did mention cutting the national debt. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think, too, that it should be pointed out that of course it is not possible, particularly under the proposals that Senator Kennedy has advocated, either to cut the national debt or to reduce taxes. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| As a matter of fact it will be necessary to raise taxes. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| As Senator Kennedy points out that as far as his one proposal is concerned - the one for medical care for the aged - that that would be financed out of Social Security. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| That, however, is raising taxes for those who pay Social Security. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| He points out that he would make pay-as-you-go be the basis for our natural resources development. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Where our natural resources development - which I also support, incidentally, however - whenever you uh - uh - in - in - uh - appropriates money for one of these projects, you have to pay now and appropriate the money and the eh- while they eventually do pay out, it doesn't mean that you - the government doesn't have to put out the money this year. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And so I would say that in all of these proposals Senator Kennedy has made, they will result in one of two things: either he has to raise taxes or he has to unbalance the budget. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| If he unbalances the budget, that means you have inflation, and that will be, of course, a very cruel blow to the very people - the older people - that we've been talking about. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| As far as aid for school construction is concerned, I favor that, as Senator Kennedy did, in January of this year, when he said he favored that rather than aid to s- teacher salaries. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I favor that because I believe that's the best way to aid our schools without running any risk whatever of the federal government telling our teachers what to teach. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The next question to Vice President Nixon from Mr. Warren. | Howard Smith | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President you mentioned schools and it was just yesterday I think you asked for a crash program to raise education standards, and this evening you talked about advances in education. | WARREN | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President, you said - it was back in 1957 - that salaries paid to school teachers were nothing short of a national disgrace. | WARREN | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Higher salaries for teachers, you added, were important and if the situation wasn't corrected it could lead to a national disaster. | WARREN | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And yet, you refused to vote in the Senate in order to break a tie vote when that single vote, if it had been yes, would have granted salary increases to teachers. | WARREN | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I wonder if you could explain that, sir. | WARREN | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I'm awfully glad you ge- got that question because as you know I got into it at the last of my other question and wasn't able to complete the argument. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Uh - I think that the reason that I voted against having the federal government uh - pay teachers' salaries was probably the very reason that concerned Senator Kennedy when in January of this year, in his kick-off press conference, he said that he favored aid for school construction, but at that time did not feel that there should be aid for teachers' salaries - at least that's the way I read his remarks. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Now, why should there be any question about the federal government aiding s- teachers' salaries? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Why did Senator Kennedy take that position then? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Why do I take it now? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We both took it then, and I take it now, for this reason: we want higher teachers' salaries. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We need higher teachers' salaries. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| But we also want our education to be free of federal control. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| When the federal government gets the power to pay teachers, inevitably in my opinion, it will acquire the power to set standards and to tell the teachers what to teach. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think this would be bad for the country; I think it would be bad for the teaching profession. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| There is another point that should be made. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I favor higher salaries for teachers. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| But, as Senator Kennedy said in January of this year in this same press conference, the way that you get higher salaries for teachers is to support school construction, which means that all of the local school districts in the various states then have money which is freed to raise the standards for teachers' salaries. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I should also point out this; once you put the responsibility on the federal government for paying a portion of teachers' salaries, your local communities and your states are not going to meet the responsibility as much as they should. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I believe, in other words, that we have seen the local communities and the state assuming more of that responsibility. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Teachers' salaries very fortunately have gone up fifty percent in the last eight years as against only a thirty-four percent rise for other salaries. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| it should be more. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| But I do not believe that the way to get more salaries for teachers is to have the federal government get in with a massive program. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| My objection here is not the cost in dollars. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| My objection here is the potential cost in controls and eventual freedom for the American people by giving the federal government power over education, and that is the greatest power a government can have. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy's comment? | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| When uh - the Vice President quotes me in January, sixty, I do not believe the federal government should pay directly teachers' salaries, but that was not the issue before the Senate in February. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The issue before the Senate was that the money would be given to the state. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The state then could determine whether the money would be spent for school construction or teacher salaries. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| On that question the Vice President and I disagreed. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I voted in favor of that proposal and supported it strongly, because I think that that provided assistance to our teachers for their salaries without any chance of federal control and it is on that vote that th- Mr. Nixon and I disagreed, and his tie vote uh - defeated his breaking the tie defeated the proposal. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I don't want the federal government paying teachers' salaries directly. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| But if the money will go to the states and the states can then determine whether it shall go for school construction or for teachers' salaries, in my opinion you protect the local authority over the school board and the school committee. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And therefore I think that was a sound proposal and that is why I supported it and I regret that it did not pass. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Secondly, there have been statements made that uh - the Democratic platform would cost a good deal of money and that I am in favor of unbalancing the budget. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| That is wholly wrong, wholly in error, and it is a fact that in the last eight years the Democratic Congress has reduced the appropri- the requests for the appropriations by over ten billion dollars. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| That is not my view and I think it ought to be stated very clearly on the record. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| My view is that you can do these programs - and they should be carefully drawn - within a balanced budget if our economy is moving ahead. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The next question to Senator Kennedy from Mr. Vanocur. | Howard Smith | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Senator, you've been promising the voters that if you are elected president you'll try and push through Congress bills on medical aid to the aged, a comprehensive minimum hourly wage bill, federal aid to education. | Sander Vanocur | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Now, in the August post-convention session of the Congress, when you at least held up the possibility you could one day be president and when you had overwhelming majorities, especially in the Senate, you could not get action on these bills. | Sander Vanocur | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Now how do you feel that you'll be able to get them in January - | Sander Vanocur | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Well as you take the bills - | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| - if you weren't able to get them in August? | Sander Vanocur | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| If I may take the bills, we did pass in the Senate a bill uh - to provide a dollar twenty-five cent minimum wage. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| It failed because the House did not pass it and the House failed by eleven votes. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And I might say that two-thirds of the Republicans in the House voted against a dollar twenty-five cent minimum wage and a majority of the Democrats sustained it - nearly two-thirds of them voted for the dollar twenty-five. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We were threatened by a veto if we passed a dollar and a quarter - it's extremely difficult with the great power that the president does to pass any bill when the president is opposed to it. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| All the president needs to sustain his veto of any bill is one-third plus one in either the House or the Senate. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Secondly, we passed a federal aid to education bill in the Senate. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| It failed to came to the floor of the House of Representatives. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| It was killed in the Rules Committee. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And it is a fact in the August session that the four members of the Rules Committee who were Republicans joining with two Democrats voted against sending the aid to education bill to the floor of the House. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Four Democrats voted for it. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Every Republican on the Rules Committee voted against sending that bill to be considered by the members of the House of Representatives. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Thirdly, on medical care for the aged, this is the same fight that's been going on for twenty-five years in Social Security. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We wanted to tie it to Social Security. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We offered an amendment to do so. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Forty-four Democrats voted for it, one Republican voted for it. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And we were informed at the time it came to a vote that if it was adopted the President of the United States would veto it. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| In my judgment, a vigorous Democratic president supported by a Democratic majority in the House and Senate can win the support for these programs. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| But if you send a Republican president and a Democratic majority and the threat of a veto hangs over the Congress, in my judgment you will continue what happened in the August session, which is a clash of parties and inaction. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Mr. Nixon, comment? | Howard Smith | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Well obviously my views are a little different. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| First of all, I don't see how it's possible for a one-third of a body, such as the Republicans have in the House and the Senate to stop two-thirds, if the two-thirds are adequately led. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I would say, too, that when Senator Kennedy refers to the action of the House Rules Committee, there are eight Democrats on that committee and four Republicans. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| It would seem to me again that it is very difficult to blame the four Republicans for the eight Democrats' not getting a something through that particular committee. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I would say further that to blame the President in his veto power for the inability of the Senator and his colleagues to get action in this special session uh - misses the mark. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| When the president exercises his veto power, he has to have the people upo- behind him, not just a third of the Congress. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Because let's consider it. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| If the majority of the members of the Congress felt that these particular proposals were good issues - the majority of those who were Democrats - why didn't they pass them and send to the President and get a veto and have an issue? | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The reason why these particular bills in these various fields that have been mentioned were not passed was not because the President was against them; it was because the people were against them. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| It was because they were too extreme. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And I am convinced that the alternate proposals that I have, that the Republicans have in the field of health, in the field of education, in the field of welfare, because they are not extreme, because they will accomplish the end uh - without too great cost in dollars or in freedom, that they could get through the next Congress. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The next question to Vice President Nixon fa- from Mr. Fleming. | Howard Smith | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President, do I take it then you believe that you can work better with Democratic majorities in the House and Senate than Senator Kennedy could work with Democratic majorities in the House and Senate? | FLEMING | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I would say this: that we, of course, expect to pick up some seats in both in the House and the Senate. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Uh - We would hope to control the House, to get a majority in the House uh - in this election. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We cannot, of course, control the Senate. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I would say that a president will be able to lead - a president will be able to get his program through - to the effect that he has the support of the country, the support of the people. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Sometimes we - we get the opinion that in getting programs through the House or the Senate it's purely a question of legislative finagling and all that sort of thing. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| It isn't really that. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Whenever a majority of the people are for a program, the House and the Senate responds to it. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And whether this House and Senate, in the next session is Democratic or Republican, if the country will have voted for the candidate for the presidency and for the proposals that he has made, I believe that you will find that the president, if it were a Republican, as it would be in my case, would be able to get his program through that Congress. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Now, I also say that as far as Senator Kennedy's proposals are concerned, that, again, the question is not simply one of uh - a presidential veto stopping programs. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| You must always remember that a president can't stop anything unless he has the people behind him. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And the reason President Eisenhower's vetoes have been sustained - the reason the Congress does not send up bills to him which they think will be vetoed - is because the people and the Congress, the majority of them, know the country is behind the President. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy. | Howard Smith | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Well, now let's look at these bills that the Vice President suggests were too extreme. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| One was a bill for a dollar twenty-five cents an hour for anyone who works in a store or company that has a million dollars a year business. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I don't think that's extreme at all; and yet nearly two-thirds to three-fourths of the Republicans in the House of Representatives voted against that proposal. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Secondly was the federal aid to education bill. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| It - it was a very uh - because of the defeat of teacher salaries, it was not a bill that uh - met in my opinion the need. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The fact of the matter is it was a bill that was less than you recommended, Mr. Nixon, this morning in your proposal. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| It was not an extreme bill and yet we could not get one Republican to join, at least I think four of the eight Democrats voted to send it to the floor of the House - not one Republican - and they joined with those Democrats who were opposed to it. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I don't say the Democrats are united in their support of the program. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| But I do say a majority are. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And I say a majority of the Republicans are opposed to it. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The third is medical care for the aged which is tied to Social Security, which is financed out of Social Security funds. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| It does not put a deficit on the Treasury. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The proposal advanced by you and by Mr. Javits would have cost six hundred millions of dollars - Mr. Rockefeller rejected it in New York, said he didn't agree with the financing at all, said it ought to be on Social Security. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| So these are three programs which are quite moderate. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think it shows the difference between the two parties. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| One party is ready to move in these programs. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The other party gives them lip service. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Mr. Warren's question for Senator Kennedy. | Howard Smith | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy, on another subject, Communism is so often described as an ideology or a belief that exists somewhere other than in the United States. | WARREN | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Let me ask you, sir: just how serious a threat to our national security are these Communist subversive activities in the United States today? | WARREN | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Well, I think they're serious. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think it's a matter that we should continue to uh - give uh - great care and attention to. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We should support uh - the laws which the United States has passed in order to protect us from uh - those who would destroy us from within. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We should sustain uh - the Department of Justice in its efforts and the F.B.I., and we should be continually alert. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think if the United States is maintaining a strong society here in the United States, I think that we can meet any internal threat. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The major threat is external and will continue. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Mr. Nixon, comment? | Howard Smith | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I agree with Senator Kennedy's appraisal generally in this respect. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The question of Communism within the United States has been one that has worried us in the past. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| It is one that will continue to be a problem for years to come. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We have to remember that the cold war that Mr. Khrushchev is waging and his colleagues are waging, is waged all over the world and it's waged right here in the United States. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| That's why we have to continue to be alert. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| It is also essential in being alert that we be fair; fair because by being fair we uphold the very freedoms that the Communists would destroy. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We uphold the standards of conduct which they would never follow. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And, in this connection, I think that uh - we must look to the future having in mind the fact that we fight Communism at home not only by our laws to deal with Communists uh - the few who do become Communists and the few who do become tra- fellow travelers, but we also fight Communism at home by moving against those various injustices which exist in our society which the Communists feed upon. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And in that connection I again would say that while Senator Kennedy says we are for the status quo, I do believe that he uh - would agree that I am just as sincere in believing that my proposals for federal aid to education, my proposals for health care are just as sincerely held as his. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The question again is not one of goals - we're for those goals - it's one of means. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Mr. Vanocur's question for Vice President Nixon. | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President uh - in one of your earlier statements you said we've moved ahead, we've built more schools, we've built more hospitals. | Sander Vanocur | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Now, sir, isn't it true that the building of more schools is a local matter for financing? | Sander Vanocur | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Uh - Were you claiming that the Eisenhower Administration was responsible for the building of these schools, or is it the local school districts that provide for it? | Sander Vanocur | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Not at all. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| As a matter of fact your question brings out a point that I am very glad to make. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Too often in appraising whether we are moving ahead or not we think only of what the federal government is doing. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Now that isn't the test of whether America moves. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The test of whether America moves is whether the federal government, plus the state government, plus the local government, plus the biggest segment of all - individual enterprise - moves. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We have for example a gross national product of approximately five hundred billion dollars. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Roughly a hundred billion to a hundred and a quarter billion of that is the result of government activity. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Four hundred billion, approximately, is a result of what individuals do. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Now, the reason the Eisenhower Administration has moved, the reason that we've had the funds, for example, locally to build the schools, and the hospitals, and the highways, to make the progress that we have, is because this Administration has encouraged individual enterprise; and it has resulted in the greatest expansion of the private sector of the economy that has ever been witnessed in an eight-year period. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And that is growth. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| That is the growth that we are looking for; it is the growth that this Administration has supported and that its policies have stimulated. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy. | Howard Smith | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Well, I must say that the reason that the schools have been constructed is because the local school districts were willing to increase the property taxes to a tremendously high figure - in my opinion, almost to the point of diminishing returns in order to sustain these schools. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Secondly, I think we have a rich uh - country. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And I think we have a powerful country. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think what we have to do, however, is have the president and the leadership set before our country exactly what we must do in the next decade, if we're going to maintain our security in education, in economic growth, in development of natural resources. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The Soviet Union is making great gains. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| It isn't enough to compare what might have been done eight years ago, or ten years ago, or fifteen years ago, or twenty years ago. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I want to compare what we're doing with what our adversaries are doing, so that by the year 1970 the United States is ahead in education, in health, in building, in homes, in economic strength. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think that's the big assignment, the big task, the big function of the federal government. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Can I have the summation time please? | Howard Smith | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We've completed our questions and our comments, and in just a moment, we'll have the summation time. | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| This will allow three minutes and twenty seconds for the summation by each candidate. | VOICE | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Three minutes and twenty seconds for each candidate. | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Vice President Nixon, will you make the first summation? | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Thank you, Mr. Smith. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| First of all, I think it is well to put in perspective where we really do stand with regard to the Soviet Union in this whole matter of growth. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The Soviet Union has been moving faster than we have. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| But the reason for that is obvious. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| They start from a much lower base. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Although they have been moving faster in growth than we have, we find, for example, today that their total gross national product is only forty-four per cent of our total gross national product. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| That's the same percentage that it was twenty years ago. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And as far as the absolute gap is concerned, we find that the United States is even further ahead than it was twenty years ago. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Is this any reason for complacency? | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Not at all Because these are determined men. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| They are fanatical men. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And we have to get the very most of uh - out uh - out of our economy. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I agree with Senator Kennedy completely on that score. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Where we disagree is in the means that we would use to get the most out of our economy. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I respectfully submit that Senator Kennedy too often would rely too much on the federal government, on what it would do to solve our problems, to stimulate growth. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I believe that when we examine the Democratic platform, when we examine the proposals that he has discussed tonight, when we compare them with the proposals that I have made, that these proposals that he makes would not result in greater growth for this country than would be the case if we followed the programs that I have advocated. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| There are many of the points that he has made that I would like to comment upon. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The one in the field of health is worth mentioning. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Our health program - the one that Senator Javits and other Republican Senators, as well as I supported - is one that provides for all people over sixty-five who want health insurance, the opportunity to have it if they want it. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| It provides a choice of having either government insurance or private insurance. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| But it compels nobody to have insurance who does not want it. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| His program under Social Security, would require everybody who had Social Security to take government health insurance whether he wanted it or not. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And it would not cover several million people who are not covered by Social Security at all. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Here is one place where I think that our program does a better job than his. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The other point that I would make is this: this downgrading of how much things cost I think many of our people will understand better when they look at what happened when - during the Truman Administration when the government was spending more than it took in - we found savings over a lifetime eaten up by inflation. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| We found the people who could least afford it - people on retired incomes uh - people on fixed incomes - we found them unable to meet their bills at the end of the month. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| It is essential that a man who's president of this country certainly stand for every program that will mean for growth. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And I stand for programs that will mean growth and progress. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| But it is also essential that he not allow a dollar spent that could be better spent by the people themselves. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy, your conclusion. | Howard Smith | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The point was made by Mr. Nixon that the Soviet production is only forty-four percent of ours. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I must say that forty-four percent and that Soviet country is causing us a good deal of trouble tonight. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I want to make sure that it stays in that relationship. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I don't want to see the day when it's sixty percent of ours, and seventy and seventy-five and eighty and ninety percent of ours, with all the force and power that it could bring to bear in order to cause our destruction. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Secondly, the Vice President mentioned medical care for the aged. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Our program was an amendment to the Kerr bill. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The Kerr bill provided assistance to all those who were not on Social Security. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think it's a very clear contrast. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| In 1935, when the Social Security Act was written, ninety-four out of ninety-five Republicans voted against it. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Mr. Landon ran in 1936 to repeal it. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| In August of 1960, when we tried to get it again, but this time for medical care, we received the support of one Republican in the Senate on this occasion. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Thirdly, I think the question before the American people is: as they look at this country and as they look at the world around them, the goals are the same for all Americans. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The means are at question. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| The means are at issue. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| If you feel that everything that is being done now is satisfactory, that the relative power and prestige and strength of the United States is increasing in relation to that of the Communists; that we've b- gaining more security, that we are achieving everything as a nation that we should achieve, that we are achieving a better life for our citizens and greater strength, then I agree. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think you should vote for Mr. Nixon. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| But if you feel that we have to move again in the sixties, that the function of the president is to set before the people the unfinished business of our society as Franklin Roosevelt did in the thirties, the agenda for our people - what we must do as a society to meet our needs in this country and protect our security and help the cause of freedom. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| As I said at the beginning, the question before us all, that faces all Republicans and all Democrats, is: can freedom in the next generation conquer, or are the Communists going to be successful? | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| That's the great issue. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And if we meet our responsibilities I think freedom will conquer. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| If we fail, if we fail to move ahead, if we fail to develop sufficient military and economic and social strength here in this country, then I think that uh - the tide could begin to run against us. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And I don't want historians, ten years from now, to say, these were the years when the tide ran out for the United States. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I want them to say these were the years when the tide came in; these were the years when the United States started to move again. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| That's the question before the American people, and only you can decide what you want, what you want this country to be, what you want to do with the future. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I think we're ready to move. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| And it is to that great task, if we're successful, that we will address ourselves. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Thank you very much, gentlemen. | Howard Smith | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| This hour has gone by all too quickly. | Howard Smith | Claim | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Thank you very much for permitting us to present the next president of the United States on this unique program. | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| I've been asked by the candidates to thank the American networks and the affiliated stations for providing time and facilities for this joint appearance. | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Other debates in this series will be announced later and will be on different subjects. | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| This is Howard K. Smith. | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Good night from Chicago. | Howard Smith | O | 1960 | 26 Sep 1960 |
| Good evening. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I'm Bill Shadel of ABC News. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| It's my privilege this evening to preside at this the third in the series of meetings on radio and television of the two major presidential candidates. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now like the last meeting the subjects to be discussed will be suggested by questions from a panel of correspondents. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Unlike the first two programs, however, the two candidates will not be sharing the same platform. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| In New York the Democratic presidential nominee, Senator John F. Kennedy; separated by three thousand miles in a Los Angeles studio, the Republican presidential nominee, Vice President Richard M. Nixon; now joined for tonight's discussion by a network of electronic facilities which permits each candidate to see and hear the other. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Good evening, Senator Kennedy. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Good evening, Mr. Shadel. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And good evening to you, Vice President Nixon. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Good evening, Mr. Shadel. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And now to meet the panel of correspondents. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Frank McGee, NBC News; Charles Van Fremd, CBS News; Douglass Cater, Reporter magazine; Roscoe Drummond, New York Herald Tribune. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now, as you've probably noted, the four reporters include a newspaper man and a magazine reporter; these two selected by lot by the press secretaries of the candidates from among the reporters traveling with the candidates. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The broadcasting representatives were chosen by their companies. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The rules for this evening have been agreed upon by the representatives of both candidates and the radio and television networks and I should like to read them. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| There will be no opening statements by the candidates nor any closing summation. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The entire hour will be devoted to answering questions from the reporters. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Each candidate to be questioned in turn with opportunity for comment by the other. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Each answer will be limited to two and one-half minutes, each comment to one and a half minutes. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The reporters are free to ask any question they choose on any subject. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Neither candidate knows what questions will be asked. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Time alone will dete- determine who will be asked the final question. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now the first question is from Mr. McGee and is for Senator Kennedy. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy, yesterday you used the words "trigger-happy" in referring to Vice President Richard Nixon's stand on defending the islands of Quemoy and Matsu. | Frank McGee | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Last week on a program like this one, you said the next president would come face to face with a serious crisis in Berlin. | Frank McGee | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| would you take military action to defend Berlin? | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. McGee, we have a contractual right to be in Berlin coming out of the conversations at Potsdam and of World War II. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| That has been reinforced by direct commitments of the president of the United States; it's been reinforced by a number of other nations under NATO. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I've stated on many occasions that the United States must meet its commitment on Berlin. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| It is a commitment that we have to meet if we're going to protect the security of Western Europe. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And therefore on this question I don't think that there is any doubt in the mind of any American; I hope there is not any doubt in the mind of any member of the community of West Berlin; I'm sure there isn't any doubt in the mind of the Russians. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We will meet our commitments to maintain the freedom and independence of West Berlin. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President, do you wish to comment? | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Yes. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| As a matter of fact, the statement that Senator Kennedy made was that - to the effect that there were trigger-happy Republicans, that my stand on Quemoy and Matsu was an indication of trigger-happy Republicans. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I resent that comment. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I resent it because th- it's an implication that Republicans have been trigger-happy and, therefore, would lead this nation into war. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I would remind Senator Kennedy of the past fifty years. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I would ask him to name one Republican president who led this nation into war. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| There were three Democratic presidents who led us into war. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I do not mean by that that one party is a war party and the other party is a peace party. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| But I do say that any statement to the effect that the Republican party is trigger-happy is belied by the record. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We had a war when we came into power in 1953. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| we've kept out of other wars; and certainly that doesn't indicate that we're trigger-happy. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We've been strong, but we haven't been trigger-happy. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| As far as Berlin is concerned, there isn't any question about the necessity of defending Berlin; the rights of people there to be free; and there isn't any question about what the united American people - Republicans and Democrats alike - would do in the event there were an attempt by the Communists to take over Berlin. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The next question is by Mr. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Von Fremd for Vice President Nixon. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President, a two-part question concerning the offshore islands in the Formosa Straits. | FREMD | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| If you were president and the Chinese Communists tomorrow began an invasion of Quemoy and Matsu, would you launch the uh - United States into a war by sending the Seventh Fleet and other military forces to resist this aggression; and secondly, if the uh - regular conventional forces failed to halt such uh - such an invasion, would you authorize the use of nuclear weapons? | FREMD | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Von Fremd, it would be completely irresponsible for a candidate for the presidency, or for a president himself, to indicate the course of action and the weapons he would use in the event of such an attack. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| in the event that such an attack occurred and in the event the attack was a prelude to an attack on Formosa - which would be the indication today because the Chinese Communists say over and over again that their objective is not the offshore islands, that they consider them only steppingstones to taking Formosa - in the event that their attack then were a prelude to an attack on Formosa, there isn't any question but that the United States would then again, as in the case of Berlin, honor our treaty obligations and stand by our ally of Formosa. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| But to indicate in advance how we would respond, to indicate the nature of this response would be incorrect; it would certainly be inappropriate; it would not be in the best interests of the United States. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I will only say this, however, in addition: to do what Senator Kennedy has suggested - to suggest that we will surrender these islands or force our Chinese Nationalist allies to surrender them in advance - is not something that would lead to peace; it is something that would lead, in my opinion, to war. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| This is the history of dealing with dictators. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| This is something that Senator Kennedy and all Americans must know. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We tried this with Hitler. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| It didn't work. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| He wanted first uh - we know, Austria, and then he went on to the Sudetenland and then Danzig, and each time it was thought this is all that he wanted. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now what do the Chinese Communists want? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| They don't want just Quemoy and Matsu; they don't want just Formosa; they want the world. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And the question is if you surrender or indicate in advance that you're not going to defend any part of the free world, and you figure that's going to satisfy them, it doesn't satisfy them. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| It only whets their appetite; and then the question comes, when do you stop them? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I've often heard President Eisenhower in discussing this question, make the statement that if we once start the process of indicating that this point or that point is not the place to stop those who threaten the peace and freedom of the world, where do we stop them? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And I say that those of us who stand against surrender of territory - this or any others - in the face of blackmail, in the s- face of force by the Communists are standing for the course that will lead to peace. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy, do you wish to comment? | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Yes. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The whole th- the United States now has a treaty - which I voted for in the United States Senate in 1955 - to defend Formosa and the Pescadores Island. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The islands which Mr. Nixon is discussing are five or four miles, respectively, off the coast of China. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now when Senator Green, the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, wrote to the President, he received back on the second of October, 1958 - "neither you nor any other American need feel the U.S. will be involved in military hostilities merely in the defense of Quemoy and Matsu." | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now, that is the issue. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I believe we must meet our commitment to uh - Formosa. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I support it and the Pescadores Island. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| That is the present American position. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The treaty does not include these two islands. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Nixon suggests uh - that the United States should go to war if these two islands are attacked. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I suggest that if Formosa is attacked or the Pescadores, or if there's any military action in any area which indicates an attack on Formosa and the Pescadores, then of course the United States is at war to defend its treaty. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now, I must say what Mr. Nixon wants to do is commit us - as I understand him, so that we can be clear if there's a disagreement - he wants us to be committed to the defense of these islands merely as the defense of these islands as free territory, not as part of the defense of Formosa. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Admiral Yarnell, the commander of the Asiatic fleet, has said that these islands are not worth the bones of a single American. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The President of the United States has indicated they are not within the treaty area. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| They were not within the treaty area when the treaty was passed in fifty-five. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We have attempted to persuade Chiang Kai-shek as late as January of 1959 to reduce the number of troops he has on them. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| This is a serious issue, and I think we ought to understand completely if we disagree, and if so, where. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Cater has the next question for Senator Kennedy. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy, last week you said that before we should hold another summit conference, that it was important that the United States build its strength. | CATER | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Modern weapons take quite a long time to build. | CATER | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| What sort of prolonged period do you envisage before there can be a summit conference? | CATER | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And do you think that there can be any new initiatives on the grounds of nuclear disarmament uh - nuclear control or weapons control d- uh - during this period? | CATER | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Well I think we should st- strengthen our conventional forces, and we should attempt in January, February, and March of next year to increase the airlift capacity of our conventional forces. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Then I believe that we should move full time on our missile production, particularly on Minuteman and on Polaris. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| It may be a long period, but we must - we must get started immediately. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now on the question of disarmament, particularly nuclear disarmament, I must say that I feel that another effort should be made by a new Administration in January of 1961, to renew negotiations with the Soviet Union and see whether it's possible to come to some conclusion which will lessen the chances of contamination of the atmosphere, and also lessen the chances that other powers will begin to possess a nuclear capacity. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| There are indications, because of new inventions, that ten, fifteen, or twenty nations will have a nuclear capacity - including Red China - by the end of the presidential office in 1964. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| This is extremely serious. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| There have been many wars in the history of mankind. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And to take a chance uh - now be - and not make every effort that we could make to provide for some control over these weapons, I think would be a great mistake. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| One of my disagreements with the present Administration has been that I don't feel a real effort has been made an this very sensitive subject, not only of nuclear controls, but also of general disarmament. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Less than a hundred people have been working throughout the entire federal government on this subject, and I believe it's been reflected in our success and failures at Geneva. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now, we may not succeed. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The Soviet Union may not agree to an inspection system. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We may be able to get satisfactory assurances. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| It may be necessary for us to begin testing again. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| But I hope the next Administration - and if I have anything to do with it, the next Administration will - make one last great effort to provide for control of nuclear testing, control of nuclear weapons, if possible, control of outer space, free from weapons, and also to begin again the subject of general disarmament levels. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| These must be done. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| If we cannot succeed, then we must strengthen ourselves. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| But I would make the effort because I think the fate not only of our own civilization, but I think the fate of world and the future of the human race is involved in preventing a nuclear war. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President, your comment? | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Yes. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I am going to make a major speech on this whole subject next week before the next debate, and I will have an opportunity then to answer any other questions that may arise with regard to my position on it. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| There isn't any question but that we must move forward in every possible way to reduce the danger of war; to move toward controlled disarmament; to control tests; but also let's have in mind this: when Senator Kennedy suggests that we haven't been making an effort, he simply doesn't know what he's talking about. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| It isn't a question of the number of people who are working in an Administration. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| It's a question of who they are. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| This has been one of the highest level operations in the whole State Department right under the President himself. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We have gone certainly the extra mile and then some in making offers to the Soviet Union on control of tests, on disarmament, and in every other way. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And I just want to make one thing very clear. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Yes, we should make a great effort. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| But under no circumstances must the United States ever make an agreement based on trust. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| There must be an absolute guarantee. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now, just a comment on Senator Kennedy's last answer. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| He forgets that in this same debate on the Formosa resolution, which he said he voted for - which he did - that he voted against an amendment, or was recorded against an amendment - and on this particular - or for an amendment, I should say - which passed the Senate overwhelmingly, seventy to twelve. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And that amendment put the Senate of the United States on record with a majority of the Senator's own party voting for it, as well as the majority of Republicans - put them on record - against the very position that the Senator takes now of surrendering, of indicating in advance, that the United States will not defend the offshore islands. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The next question is by Mr. Drummond for Vice President Nixon. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Nixon, I would like to ask eh - one more aspect or raise another aspect of this same question. | DRUMMOND | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Uh - it is my understanding that President Eisenhower never advocated that Quemoy and Matsu should be defended under all circumstances as a matter of principle. | DRUMMOND | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I heard Secretary Dulles at a press conference in fifty-eight say that he thought that it was a mistake for Chiang Kai-shek to deploy troops to these islands. | DRUMMOND | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I would like to ask what has led you to take what appears to be a different position on this subject. | DRUMMOND | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Well Mr. Drummond, first of all, referring to Secretary Dulles' press conference, I think if you read it all - and I know that you have - you will find that Secretary Dulles also indicated in that press conference that when the troops were withdrawn from Quemoy, that the implication was certainly of everything that he said, that Quemoy could better be defended. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| There were too many infantrymen there, not enough heavy artillery; and certainly I don't think there was any implication in Secretary Dulles' statement that Quemoy and Matsu should not be defended in the event that they were attacked, and that attack was a preliminary to an attack on Formosa. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now as far as President Eisenhower is concerned, I have often heard him discuss this question. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| As I uh - related a moment ago, the President has always indicated that we must not make the mistake in dealing with the dictator of indicating that we are going to make a concession at the point of a gun. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Whenever you do that, inevitably the dictator is encouraged to try it again. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| So first it will be Quemoy and Matsu, next it may be Formosa. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| What do we do then? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| that once you do this - follow this course of action - of indicating that you are not going to defend a particular area, the inevitable result is that it encourages a man who is determined to conquer the world to press you to the point of no return. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And that means war. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We went through this tragic experience leading to World War II. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We learned our lesson again in Korea, We must not learn it again. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| That is why I think the Senate was right, including a majority of the Democrats, a majority of the Republicans, when they rejected Senator Kennedy's position in 1955. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And incidentally, Senator Johnson was among those who rejected that position - voted with the seventy against the twelve. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The Senate was right because they knew the lesson of history. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And may I say, too, that I would trust that Senator Kennedy would change his position on this - change it; because as long as he as a major presidential candidate continues to suggest that we are going to turn over these islands, he is only encouraging the aggressors - the Chinese Communist and the Soviet aggressors - to press the United States, to press us to the point where war would be inevitable. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The road to war is always paved with good intentions. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And in this instance the good intentions, of course, are a desire for peace. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| But certainly we're not going to have peace by giving in and indicating in advance that we are not going to defend what has become a symbol of freedom. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I don't think it's possible for Mr. Nixon to state the record in distortion of the facts with more precision than he just did. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| In 1955, Mr. Dulles at a press conference said: "The treaty that we have with the Republic of China excludes Quemoy and Matsu from the treaty area." | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| That was done with much thought and deliberation. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Therefore that treaty does not commit the United States to defend anything except Formosa and the Pescadores, and to deal with acts against that treaty area. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I completely sustained the treaty. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I voted for it. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I would take any action necessary to defend the treaty, Formosa, and the Pescadores Island. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| What we're now talking about is the Vice President's determination to guarantee Quemoy and Matsu, which are four and five miles off the coast of Red China, which are not within the treaty area. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I do not suggest that Chiang Kai-shek - and this Administration has been attempting since 1955 to persuade Chiang Kai-shek to lessen his troop commitments. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Uh - He sent a mission - the President - in 1955 of Mr. uh - Robertson and Admiral Radford. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| General Twining said they were still doing it in 1959. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| General Ridgway said - who was Chief of Staff: "To go to war for Quemoy and Matsu to me would seem an unwarranted and tragic course to take. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| To me that concept is completely repugnant." | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| So I stand with them. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I stand with the Secretary of State, Mr. Herter, who said these islands were indefensible. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I believe that we should meet our commitments, and if the Chinese Communists attack the Pescadores and Formosa, they know that it will mean a war. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I would not ho- hand over these islands under any point of gun. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| But I merely say that the treaty is quite precise and I sustain the treaty. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Nixon would add a guarantee to islands five miles off the coast of the re- Republic of China when he's never really protested the Communists seizing Cuba, ninety miles off the coast of the United States. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Von Fremd has a question for Senator Kennedy. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy, I'd like to uh - shift the conversation, if I may, to a domestic uh - political argument. | FREMD | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The chairman of the Republican National Committee, Senator Thruston Morton, declared earlier this week that you owed Vice President Nixon and the Republican party a public apology for some strong charges made by former President Harry Truman, who bluntly suggested where the Vice President and the Republican party could go. | FREMD | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Do you feel that you owe the Vice President an apology? | FREMD | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Well, I must say that uh - Mr. Truman has uh - his methods of expressing things; he's been in politics for fifty years; he's been president of the United States. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| They may - are not my style. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| But I really don't think there's anything that I could say to President Truman that's going to cause him, at the age of seventy-six, to change his particular speaking manner. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Perhaps Mrs. Truman can, but I don't think I can. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I'll just have to tell Mr. Morton that. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| If you'd pass that message on to him. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Any comment, Mr. Vice President? | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Yes, I think so. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Of course, both er - Senator Kennedy and I have felt Mr. Truman's ire; and uh - consequently, I think he can speak with some feeling on this subject. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I just do want to say one thing, however. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We all have tempers; I have one; I'm sure Senator Kennedy has one. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| But when a man's president of the United States, or a former president, he has an obligation not to lose his temper in public. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| One thing I've noted as I've traveled around the country are the tremendous number of children who come out to see the presidential candidates. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I see mothers holding their babies up, so that they can see a man who might be president of the United States. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I know Senator Kennedy sees them, too. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| It makes you realize that whoever is president is going to be a man that all the children of America will either look up to, or will look down to. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And I can only say that I'm very proud that President Eisenhower restored dignity and decency and, frankly, good language to the conduct of the presidency of the United States. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And I only hope that, should I win this election, that I could approach President Eisenhower in maintaining the dignity of the office; in seeing to it that whenever any mother or father talks to his child, he can look at the man in the White House and, whatever he may think of his policies, he will say: "Well, there is a man who maintains the kind of standards personally that I would want my child to follow." | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Cater's question is for Vice President Nixon. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President, I'd like to return just once more, if I may, to this area of dealing with the Communists. | CATER | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Critics have claimed that on at least three occasions in recent years - on the sending of American troops to Indochina in 1954, on the matter of continuing the U-2 flights uh - in May, and then on this definition of the - of our commitment to the offshore island - that you have overstated the Administration position, that you have taken a more bellicose position than President Eisenhower. | CATER | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Just two days ago you said that you called on uh - Senator Kennedy to serve notice to Communist aggressors around the world that we're not going to retreat one inch more any place, where as we did retreat from the Tachen Islands, or at least Chiang Kai-shek did. | CATER | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Would you say this was a valid criticism of your statement of foreign policy? | CATER | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Well, Mr. Cater, of course it's a criticism that uh - is being made. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Uh - I obviously don't think it's valid. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I have supported the Administration's position and I think that that position has been correct; I think my position has been correct. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| As far as Indochina was concerned, I stated over and over again that it was essential during that period that the United States make it clear that we would not tolerate Indochina falling under Communist domination. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now, as a result of our taking the strong stand that we did, the civil war there was ended; and today, at least in the south of Indochina, the Communists have moved out and we do have a strong, free bastion there. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now, looking to the U-2 flights, I would like to point out that I have been supporting the President's position throughout. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I think the President was correct in ordering these flights. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I think the President was correct, certainly, in his decision to continue the flights while the conference was going on. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I noted, for example, in reading a - uh - a - a particular discussion that Senator Kennedy had with Dave Garroway shortly after the uh - his statement about regrets, that uh - he made the statement that he felt that these particular flights uh - were ones that shouldn't have occurred right at that time, and the indication was how would Mr. Khrushchev had felt if we had uh - had a flight over the uni- how would we have felt if Mr. Khrushchev ha - uh - had a flight over the United States while uh - he was visiting here. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And the answer, of course, is that Communist espionage goes on all the time. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The answer is that the United States can't afford to have a es- an es - a espionage lack or should we s- uh - lag - or should I say uh - an intelligence lag - any more than we can afford to have a missile lag. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now, referring to your question with regard to Quemoy and Matsu. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| What I object to here is the constant reference to surrendering these islands. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy quotes the record, which he read from a moment ago, but what he forgets to point out is that the key vote - a uh - vote which I've referred to several times - where he was in the minority was one which rejected his position. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now, why did they reject it? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| For the very reason that those Senators knew, as the President of the United States knew, that you should not indicate to the Communists in advance that you're going to surrender an area that's free. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Why? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Because they know as Senator Kennedy will have to know that if you do that you encourage them to more aggression. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy? | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Well number one on Indochina, Mr. Nixon talked in - before the newspaper editors in the spring of 1954 about putting, and I quote him, "American boys into Indochina." | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The reason Indochina was preserved was the result of the Geneva Conference which Indochina. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Number two, on the question of the U-2 flights. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I thought the. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| U-2 flight in May just before the conference was a mistake in timing because of the hazards involved, if the summit conference had any hope for success. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I never criticized the U-2 flights in general, however. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I never suggested espionage should stop. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| It still goes on, I would assume, on both sides. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Number three, the Vice President - on May fifteenth after the U-2 flight - indicated that the flights were going on, even though the Administration and the President had canceled the flights on May twelfth. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Number three, the pre - Vice President suggests that we should keep the Communists in doubt about whether we would fight on Quemoy and Matsu. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| That's not the position he's taking. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| He's indicating that we should fight for these islands come what may because they are, in his words, in the area of freedom. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| He didn't take that position on Tibet. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| He didn't take that position on Budapest. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| He doesn't take that position that I've seen so far in Laos. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Guinea and Ghana have both moved within the Soviet sphere of influence in foreign policy; so has Cuba. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I merely say that the United States should meet its commitments to Que- to uh - Formosa and the Pescadores. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| But as Admiral Yarnell has said, and he's been supported by most military authority, these islands that we're now talking about are not worth the bones of a single American soldier; and I know how difficult it is to sustain troops close to the shore under artillery bombardment. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And therefore, I think, we should make it very clear the disagreement between Mr. Nixon and myself. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| He's extending the Administration's commitment. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Drummond's question is for Senator Kennedy. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Uh - Mr. Kennedy, Representative Adam Clayton Powell, in the course of his speaking tour in your behalf, is saying, and I quote: "The Ku Klux Klan is riding again in this campaign. | DRUMMOND | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| If it doesn't stop, all bigots will vote for Nixon and all right-thinking Christians and Jews will vote for Kennedy rather than be found in the ranks of the Klan-minded." | DRUMMOND | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| End quotation. | DRUMMOND | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Governor Michael DiSalle is saying much the same thing. | DRUMMOND | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| What I would like to ask, Senator Kennedy, is what is the purpose of this sort of thing and how do you feel about it? | DRUMMOND | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Well the que- the - Mr. Griffin, I believe, who is the head of the Klan, who lives in Tampa, Florida, indicated a - in a statement, I think, two or three weeks ago that he was not going to vote for me, and that he was going to vote for Mr. Nixon. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I do not suggest in any way, nor have I ever, that that indicates that Mr. Nixon has the slightest sympathy, involvement, or in any way imply any inferences in regard to the Ku Klux Klan. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| That's absurd. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I don't suggest that, I don't support it. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I would disagree with it. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Nixon knows very well that in this - in this whole matter that's been involved with the so-called religious discussion in this campaign, I've never suggested, even by the vaguest implication, that he did anything but disapprove it. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And that's my view now. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I disapprove of the issue. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I do not suggest that Mr. Nixon does in any way. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Well I welcome this opportunity to join Senator Kennedy completely on that statement and to say before this largest television audience in history something that I have been saying in the past and want to - will always say in the future. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| On our last television debate, I pointed out that it was my position that Americans must choose the best man that either party could produce. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We can't settle for anything but the best. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And that means, of course, the best man that this nation can produce. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And that means that we can't have any test of religion. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We can't have any test of race. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| It must be a test of a man. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Also as far as religion is concerned. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I have seen Communism abroad. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I see what it does. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Communism is the enemy of all religions; and we who do believe in God must join together. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We must not be divided on this issue. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The worst thing that I can think can happen in this campaign would be for it to be decided on religious issues. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I obviously repudiate the Klan; I repudiate anybody who uses the religious issue; I will not tolerate it, I have ordered all of my people to have nothing to do with it and I say - say to this great audience, whoever may be listening, remember, if you believe in America, if you want America to set the right example to the world, that we cannot have religious or racial prejudice. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We cannot have it in our hearts. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| But we certainly cannot have it in a presidential campaign. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. McGee has a question for Vice President Nixon. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President, some of your early campaign literature said you were making a study to see if new laws were needed to protect the public against excessive use of power by labor unions. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Have you decided whether such new laws are needed, and, if so, what would they do? | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. McGee, I am planning a speech on that subject next week. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Uh - Also, so that we can get the uh - opportunity for the questioners to question me, it will be before the next television debate. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Uh - I will say simply, in advance of it, that I believe that in this area, the laws which should be passed uh - as far as the big national emergency strikes are concerned, are ones that will give the president more weapons with which to deal with those strikes. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now, I have a basic disagreement with Senator Kennedy, though, on this point. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| He has taken the position, when he first indicated in October of last year, that he would even favor compulsory arbitration as one of the weapons the president might have to stop a national emergency strike. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I understand in his last speech before the Steelworkers Union, that he changed that position and indicated that he felt that government seizure might be the best way to stop a strike which could not be settled by collective bargaining. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I do not believe we should have either compulsory arbitration or seizure. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I think the moment that you give to the union, on the one side, and to management, on the other side, the escape hatch of eventually going to government to get it settled, that most of these great strikes will end up being settled by government, and that will be a - be in the end, in my opinion, wage control; it would mean price control - all the things that we do not want. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I do believe, however, that we can give to the president of the United States powers, in addition to what he presently has in the fact finding area, which would enable him to be more effective than we have been in handling these strikes. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| One last point I should make. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The record in handling them has been very good during this Administration. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We have had less man-hours lost by strikes in these last seven years than we had in the previous seven years, by a great deal. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And I only want to say that however good the record is, it's got to be better. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Because in this critical year - period of the sixties we've got to move forward, all Americans must move forward together, and we have to get the greatest cooperation possible between labor and management. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We cannot afford stoppages of massive effect on the economy when we're in the terrible competition we're in with the Soviets. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Senator, your comment. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Well, I always have difficulty recognizing my positions when they're stated by the Vice President. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I never suggested that compulsory arbitration was the solution for national emergency disputes. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I'm opposed to that, was opposed to it in October, 1958. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I have suggested that the president should be given other weapons to protect the national interest in case of national emergency strikes beyond the injunction provision of the Taft-Hartley Act. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I don't know what other weapons the Vice President is talking about. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I'm talking about giving him four or five tools - not only the fact-finding committee that he now has under the injunction provision, not only the injunction, but also the power of the fact-finding commission to make recommendations - recommendations which would not be binding, but nevertheless would have great force of public opinion behind them. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| One of the additional powers that I would suggest would be seizure. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| There might be others. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| By the president having five powers - four or five powers - and he only has very limited powers today, neither the company nor the union would be sure which power would be used; and therefore, there would be a greater incentive on both sides to reach an agreement themselves without taking it to the government. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The difficulty now is the president's course is quite limited. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| He can set up a fact-finding committee. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The fact-finding committee's powers are limited. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| He can provide an injunction if there's a national emergency for eighty days, then the strike can go on; and there are no other powers or actions that the president could take unless he went to the Congress. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| This is a difficult and sensitive matter. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| But to state my view precisely, the president should have a variety of things he could do. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| He could leave the parties in doubt as to which one he would use; and therefore there would be incentive, instead of as now - the steel companies were ready to take the strike because they felt the injunction of eighty days would break the union, which didn't happen. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The next question is by Mr. Cater for Senator Kennedy. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Uh - Mr. Kennedy, uh - Senator - uh - Vice President Nixon says that he has costed the two party platforms and that yours would run at least ten billion dollars a year more than his. | CATER | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| You have denied his figures. | CATER | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| He has called on you to supply your figures. | CATER | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Would you do that? | CATER | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Yes, I have stated in both uh - debates and state again that I believe in a balanced budget and have supported that concept during my fourteen years in the Congress. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The only two times when an unbalanced budget is warranted would be during a serious recession - and we had that in fifty-eight in an unbalanced budget of twelve billion dollars - or a national emergency where there should be large expenditures for national defense, which we had in World War II and uh - during part of the Korean War. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| On the question of the cost of our budget, I have stated that it's my best judgment that our agricultural program will cost a billion and a half, possibly two billion dollars less than the present agricultural program. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| My judgment is that the program the Vice President put forward, which is an extension of Mr. Benson's program, will cost a billion dollars more than the present program, which costs about six billion dollars a year, the most expensive in history. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We've spent more money on agriculture in the last eight years than the hundred years of the Agricultural Department before that. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Secondly, I believe that the high interest-rate policy that this Administration has followed has added about three billion dollars a year to interest on the debt - merely funding the debt - which is a burden an the taxpayers. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I would hope, under a different monetary policy, that it would be possible to reduce that interest-rate burden, at least a billion dollars. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Third, I think it's possible to gain a seven hundred million to a billion dollars through tax changes which I believe would close up loof- loopholes on dividend withholding, on expense accounts. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Fourthly, I have suggested that the medical care for the aged - and the bill which the Congress now has passed and the President signed if fully implemented would cost a billion dollars on the Treasury - out of Treasury funds and a billion dollars by the states - the proposal that I have put forward and which many of the members of my party support is for medical care financed under Social Security; which would be financed under the Social Security taxes; which is less than three cents a day per person for medical care, doctors' bills, nurses, hospitals, when they retire. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| It is actuarially sound. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| So in my judgment we would spend more money in this Administration on aid to education, we'd spend more money on housing, we'd spend more money and I hope more wisely on defense than this Administration has. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| But I believe that the next Administration should work for a balanced budget, and that would be my intention. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Nixon misstates my figures constantly, which uh - is of course his right, but the fact of the matter is: here is where I stand and I just want to have it on the public record. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President? | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy has indicated on several occasions in this program tonight that I have been misstating his record and his figures. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I will issue a white paper after this broadcast, quoting exactly what he said on compulsory arbitration, for example, and the record will show that I have been correct. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now as far as his figures are concerned here tonight, he again is engaging in this, what I would call, mirror game of "here-it-is-and-here-it-isn't." | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Uh - On the one hand, for example, he suggests that as far as his medical care program is concerned that that really isn't a problem because it's from Social Security. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| But Social Security is a tax. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The people pay it. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| It comes right out of your paycheck. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| This doesn't mean that the people aren't going to be paying the bill. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| He also indicates as far as his agricultural program is concerned that he feels it will cost less than ours. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Well, all that I can suggest is that all the experts who have studied the program indicate that it is the most fantastic program, the worst program, insofar as its effect on the farmers, that the - America has ever had foisted upon it in an election year or any other time. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And I would also point out that Senator Kennedy left out a part of the cost of that program - a twenty-five percent rise in food prices that the people would have to pay. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now are we going to have that when it isn't going to help the farmers? | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I don't think we should have that kind of a program. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Then he goes on to say that he's going to change the interest-rate situation and we're going to get some more money that way. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Well, what he is saying there in effect, we're going to have inflation. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We're going to go right back to what we had under Mr. Truman when he had political control of the Federal Reserve Board. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I don't believe we ought to pay our bills through inflation, through a phony interest rate. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Next, Mr. Drummond's question for Vice President Nixon. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Uh - Mr. Nixon uh - before the convention you and Governor Rockefeller said jointly that the nation's economic growth ought to be accelerated; and the Republican platform states that uh - the nation needs to quicken the pace of economic growth. | DRUMMOND | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Uh - Is it fair, therefore, Mr. Vice President, to conclude that you feel that there has been insufficient economic growth during the past eight years; and if so, what would you do beyond uh - present Administration policies uh - to step it up? | DRUMMOND | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Drummond, I am never satisfied with the economic growth of this country. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I'm not satisfied with it even if there were no Communism in the world, but particularly when we're in the kind of a race we're in, we have got to see that America grows just as fast as we can, provided we grow soundly. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Because even though we have maintained, as I pointed out in our first debate, the absolute gap over the Soviet Union; even though the growth in this Administration has been twice as much as it was in the Truman Administration; that isn't good enough. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Because America must be able to grow enough not only to take care of our needs at home for better education and housing and health - all these things we want. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We've got to grow enough to maintain the forces that we have abroad and to wage the non-military battle for the war - uh - for the world in Asia, in Africa and Latin America. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| It's going to cost more money, and growth will help us to win that battle. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now, what do we do about it? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And here I believe basically that what we have to do is to stimulate that sector of America, the private enterprise sector of the economy, in which there is the greatest possibility for expansion. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| So that is why I advocate a program of tax reform which will stimulate more investment in our economy. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| In addition to that, we have to move on other areas that are holding back growth. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I refer, for example, to distressed areas. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We have to move into those areas with programs so that we make adequate use of the resources of those areas. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We also have to see that all of the people of the United States - the tremendous talents that our people have - are used adequately. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| That's why in this whole area of civil rights, the equality of opportunity for employment and education is not just for the benefit of the minority groups, it's for the benefit of the nation so that we can get the scientists and the engineers and all the rest that we need. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And in addition to that, we need programs, particularly in higher education, which will stimulate scientific breakthroughs which will bring more growth. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now what all this, of course, adds up to is this: America has not been standing still. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Let's get that straight. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Anybody who says America's been standing still for the last seven and a half years hasn't been traveling around America. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| He's been traveling in some other country. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We have been moving. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We have been moving much faster than we did in the Truman years. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| But we can and must move faster, and that's why I stand so strongly for programs that will move America forward in the sixties, move her forward so that we can stay ahead of the Soviet Union and win the battle for freedom and peace. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Well first may I correct a statement which was made before, that under my agricultural program food prices would go up twenty-five percent. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| That's untrue. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The fa- the farmer who grows wheat gets about two and a half cents out of a twenty-five-cent loaf of bread. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Even if you put his income up ten percent, that would be two and three-quarters percent three pers- or three cents out of that twenty-five cents. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The t- man who grows tomatoes - it costs less for those tomatoes than it does for the label on the can. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And I believe when the average hour for many farmers' wage is about fifty cents an hour, he should do better. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| But anybody who suggests that that program would c- come to any figure indicated by the Vice President is in error. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The Vice President suggested a number of things. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| He suggested that we aid distressed areas. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The Administration has vetoed that bill passed by the Congress twice. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| He suggested we pass an aid to education bill. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| But the Administration and the Republican majority in the Congress has opposed any realistic aid to education. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And the Vice President cast the deciding vote against federal aid for teachers' salaries in the Senate, which prevented that being added. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| This Administration and this country last year had the lowest rate of economic growth - which means jobs - of any major industrialized society in the world in 1959. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And when we have to find twenty-five thousand new jobs a week for the next ten years, we're going to have to grow more. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Governor Rockefeller says five per cent. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The Democratic platform and others say five per cent. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Many say four and a half per cent. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The last eight years the average growth has been about two and a half per cent. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| That's why we don't have full employment today. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. McGee has the next question for Senator Kennedy. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Uh - Senator Kennedy, a moment ago you mentioned tax loopholes. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now your running mate, Senator Lyndon Johnson, is from Texas, an oil-producing state and one that many political leaders feel is in doubt in this election year. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And reports from there say that oil men in Texas are seeking assurance from Senator Johnson that the oil depletion allowance will not be cut. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The Democratic platform pledges to plug holes in the tax laws and refers to inequitable depletion allowance as being conspicuous loopholes. | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| My question is, do you consider the twenty-seven and a half per cent depletion allowance inequitable, and would you ask that it be cut? | Frank McGee | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Uh - Mr. McGee, there are about a hundred and four commodities that have some kind of depletion allowance - different kind of minerals, including oil. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I believe all of those should be gone over in detail to make sure that no one is getting a tax break; to make sure that no one is getting away from paying the taxes he ought to pay. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| it includes all kinds of minerals; it includes everything within the range of taxation. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We want to be sure it's fair and equitable. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| It includes oil abroad. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Perhaps that oil abroad should be treated differently than the oil here at home. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now the oil industry recently has had hard times. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Particularly some of the smaller producers. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| They're moving about eight or nine days in Texas. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| But I can assure you that if I'm elected president, the whole spectrum of taxes will be gone through carefully. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And if there is any inequities in oil or any other commodity, then I would vote to close that loophole, I have voted in the past to reduce the depletion allowance for the largest producers; for those from five million dollars down, to maintain it at twenty-seven and a half per cent. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I believe we should study this and other allowances; tax expense, dividend expenses and all the rest, and make a determination of how we can stimulate growth; how we can provide the revenues needed to move our country forward. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy's position and mine completely different on this. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I favor the present depletion allowance. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I favor it not because I want to make a lot of oil men rich, but because I want to make America rich. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Why do we have a depletion allowance? | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Because this is the stimulation, the incentive for companies to go out and explore for oil, to develop it. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| If we didn't have a depletion allowance of certainly, I believe, the present amount, we would have our oil exploration cut substantially in this country. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now, as far as my position then is concerned, it is exactly opposite to the Senator's. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And it's because of my belief that if America is going to have the growth that he talks about and that I talk about and that we want, the thing to do is not to discourage individual enterprise, not to discourage people to go out and discover more oil and minerals, but to encourage them. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And so he would be doing exactly the wrong thing. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| One other thing. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| He suggests that there are a number of other items in this whole depletion field that could be taken into account. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| He also said a moment ago that we would get more money to finance his programs by revising the tax laws, including depletion. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I should point out that as far as depletion allowances are concerned, the oil depletion allowance is one that provides eighty percent of all of those involved in depletion, so you're not going to get much from revenue insofar as depletion allowances are concerned, unless you move in the area that he indicated. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| But I oppose it. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I oppose it for the reasons that I mentioned. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I oppose it because I want us to have more oil exploration and not less. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Gentlemen, if I may remind you, time is growing short, so please keep your questions and answers as brief as possible consistent with clarity. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Von Fremd for Vice President Nixon. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President, in the past three years, there has been an exodus of more than four billion dollars of gold from the United States, apparently for two reasons: because exports have slumped and haven't covered imports, and because of increased American investments abroad. | FREMD | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| If you were president, how would you go about stopping this departure of gold from our shores? | FREMD | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Well, Mr. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Von Fremd, the first thing we have to do is to continue to keep confidence abroad in the American dollar. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| That means that we must continue to have a balanced budget here at home in every possible circumstance that we can; because the moment that we have loss of confidence in our own fiscal policies at home, it results in gold flowing out. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Secondly, we have to increase our exports, as compared with our imports. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And here we have a very strong program going forward in the Department of Commerce. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| This one must be stepped up. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Beyond that, as far as the gold supply is concerned, and as far as the movement of gold is concerned, uh - we have to bear in mind that we must get more help from our allies abroad in this great venture in which all free men are involved of winning the battle for freedom. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now America has been carrying a tremendous load in this respect. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I think we have been right in carrying it. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I have favored our programs abroad for economic assistance and for military assistance. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| But now we find that the countries of Europe for example, that we have aided, and Japan, that we've aided in the Far East; these countries - some our former enemies, have now recovered completely. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| They have got to bear a greater share of this load of economic assistance abroad. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| That's why I am advocating, and will develop during the course of the next Administration - if, of course, I get the opportunity - a program in which we enlist more aid from these other countries on a concerted basis in the programs of economic development for Africa, Asia and Latin America. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The United States cannot continue to carry the major share of this burden by itself. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We can a big share of it, but we've got to have more help from our friends abroad; and these three factors, I think, will be very helpful in reversing the gold flow which you spoke about. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Just to uh - correct the record, Mr. Nixon said on depletion that his record was the opposite of mine. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| What I said was that this matter should be thoroughly gone into to make sure that there aren't loopholes. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| If his record is the opposite of that, that means that he doesn't want to go into it. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now on the question of gold. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The difficulty, of course, is that we do have heavy obligations abroad, that we therefore have to maintain not only a favorable balance of trade but also send a good deal of our dollars overseas to pay our troops, maintain our bases, and sustain other economies. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| In other words, if we're going to continue to maintain our position in the sixties, we have to maintain a sound monetary and fiscal policy. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We have to have control over inflation, and we also have to have a favorable balance of trade. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We have to be able to compete in the world market. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We have to be able to sell abroad more than we consume uh - from abroad if we're going to be able to meet our obligations. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| In addition, many of the countries around the world still keep restrictions against our goads, going all the way back to the days when there was a dollar shortage. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Now there isn't a dollar shortage, and yet many of these countries continue to move against our goods. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I believe that we must be able to compete in the market - steel and in all the basic commodities abroad - we must be able to compete against them because we always did because of our technological lead. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We have to be sure to maintain that. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We have to persuade these other countries not to restrict our goods coming in, not to act as if there was a dollar gap; and third, we have to persuade them to assume some of the responsibilities that up till now we've maintained, to assist underdeveloped countries in Africa, Latin America and Asia make an economic breakthrough on their own. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Drummond's question now for Senator Kennedy. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Senator Kennedy, a question on American prestige. | DRUMMOND | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| In light of the fact that the Soviet Ambassador was recently expelled from the Congo, and that Mr. Khrushchev has this week canceled his trip to Cuba for fear of stirring resentment throughout all Latin America, I would like to ask you to spell out somewhat more fully how you think we should measure American prestige, to determine whether it is rising or whether it is falling. | DRUMMOND | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Well, I think there are many uh - tests, Mr. Drummond, of prestige. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And the significance of prestige, really, is because we're so identified with the cause of freedom. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Therefore, if we are on the mount, if we are rising, if our influence is spreading, if our prestige is spreading, then those uh - who stand now on the razor edge of decision between us or between the Communist system, wondering whether they should use the system of freedom to develop their countries or the system of Communism, they'll be persuaded to follow our example. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| There have been several indications that our prestige is not as high as it once was. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. George Allen, the head of our information service, said that a result of our being second in space, in the sputnik in 1957, and I quote him, I believe I paraphrase him accurately. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| He said that many of these countries equate space developments with scientific productivity and scientific advancement. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And therefore, he said, many of these countries now feel that the Soviet Union, which was once so backward, is now on a par with the United States. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Secondly, the economic growth of the Soviet Union is greater than ours. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Dulles has suggested it's from two to three times as great as ours. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| This has a great effect on the s- underdeveloped world, which faces problems of low income and high population density and inadequate resources. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Three, a Gallup Poll taken in February asked people in ten countries which country they thought would be first in 1970, both scientifically and militarily. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And a majority in every country except Greece, felt that it would be the Soviet Union by l970. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Four, in the votes at the U.N., particularly the vote dealing with Red China last Saturday, we received the support on the position that we had taken of only two African countries - one, Liberia, which had been tied to us for more than a century, and the other, Union of South Africa, which is not a popular country in Africa. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Every other ca- African country either abstained or voted against us. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| A - More countries voted against us in Asia on this issue than voted with us. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| On the neutralists' resolution, which we were so much opposed to, the same thing happened. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| The candidate who was a candidate for the president of Brazil, took a trip to Cuba to call on Mr. Castro during the election in order to get the benefit of the Castro supporters uh - within Brazil. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| There are many indications. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Guinea and Ghana, two independent countries within the last three years - Guinea in fifty-seven, Ghana within the last eighteen months - both now are supporting the Soviet foreign policy at the U.N. Mr. Herter said so himself. | John F. Kennedy | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Laos is moving in that direction. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| So I would say our prestige is not so high. | John F. Kennedy | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| No longer do we give the image of being on the rise. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| No longer do we give an image of vitality. | John F. Kennedy | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Mr. Vice President. | Bill Shadel | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Well, I would say first of all that Senator's - Kennedy's statement that he's just made is not going to help our Gallup Polls abroad and it isn't going to help our prestige either. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Let's look at the other side of the coin. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Let's look at the vote on the Congo, the vote was seventy to nothing against the Soviet Union. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Let's look at the situation with regard to economic growth as it really is. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We find that the Soviet Union is a very primitive economy. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Its growth rate is not what counts; it's whether it is catching up with us and it is not catching up with us. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We're well ahead and we can stay ahead, provided we have confidence in America and don't run her down in order to build her up. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| We could look also at other items which Senator Kennedy has named, but I will only conclude by saying this: in this whole matter of prestige, in the final analysis, its whether you stand for what's right. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| And getting back to this matter that we discussed at the outset, the matter of Quemoy and Matsu. | Richard M. Nixon | O | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| I can think of nothing that will be a greater blow to the prestige of the United States among the free nations in Asia than for us to take Senator Kennedy's advan- advice to go - go against what a majority of the members of the Senate, both Democrat and Republican, did - said in 1955, and to say in advance we will surrender an area to the Communists. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| In other words, if the United States is going to maintain its strength and its prestige, we must not only be strong militarily and economically, we must be firm diplomatically. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Thi- Certainly we have been speaking, I know, of whether we should have retreat or defeat. | Richard M. Nixon | Premise | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |
| Let's remember the way to win is not to retreat and not to surrender. | Richard M. Nixon | Claim | 1960 | 13 Oct 1960 |